Fast High-Fidelity Single-Shot Readout of Spins in Silicon Using a Single-Electron Box
Fast High-Fidelity Single-Shot Readout of Spins in Silicon Using a Single-Electron Box
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DOI：
10.1103/physrevx.13.011023
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发表时间：
2023-02-23
影响因子：
12.5
通讯作者：
Gonzalez-Zalba, M. F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oakes, G. A.;Ciriano-Tejel, V. N.;Gonzalez-Zalba, M. F.
量子处理器中读出系统的三个关键指标是测量速度、保真度和占用空间。快速高保真读出可实现中路测量，这是许多动态算法和量子纠错的必要功能，而较小的占地面积有助于设计可扩展，高度连接的架构，并提高计算性能。在这里，我们展示了两个互补的演示，使用紧凑的色散电荷传感器：射频单电子盒，快速高保真地读出硅量子点中的自旋。尽管与传统探测器相比，该传感器需要更少的电极，但根据物理模型，该传感器在不到6 μ s的时间内实现了99.2%的自旋读出保真度。我们证明了低损耗高阻抗谐振器，与传感点高度耦合，与约瑟夫森参数放大相结合，有助于实现最佳性能。在这些读出方案中，我们量化了泡利自旋封锁对自旋依赖隧道到水库的好处，作为自旋到电荷的转换机制。我们的研究结果将色散电荷传感置于可扩展半导体自旋量子处理器读出方法的前沿。
Three key metrics for readout systems in quantum processors are measurement speed, fidelity, and footprint. Fast high-fidelity readout enables midcircuit measurements, a necessary feature for many dynamic algorithms and quantum error correction, while a small footprint facilitates the design of scalable, highly connected architectures with the associated increase in computing performance. Here, we present two complementary demonstrations of fast high-fidelity single-shot readout of spins in silicon quantum dots using a compact, dispersive charge sensor: a radio-frequency single-electron box. The sensor, despite requiring fewer electrodes than conventional detectors, performs at the state of the art achieving spin readout fidelity of 99.2% in less than 6 mu s fitted from a physical model. We demonstrate that low-loss high-impedance resonators, highly coupled to the sensing dot, in conjunction with Josephson parametric amplification are instrumental in achieving optimal performance. We quantify the benefit of Pauli spin blockade over spin-dependent tunneling to a reservoir, as the spin-to-charge conversion mechanism in these readout schemes. Our results place dispersive charge sensing at the forefront of readout methodologies for scalable semiconductor spin-based quantum processors.