Inter-individual susceptibility to environmental toxicants--a current assessment.
Inter-individual susceptibility to environmental toxicants--a current assessment.
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个体间对环境毒物的易感性——当前评估。
DOI：
10.1016/j.taap.2005.01.043
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Nebert,DanielW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nebert,DanielW
几乎所有疾病都有环境因素。影响您患环境疾病（毒性或癌症）的独特风险的两个最重要的因素是 (a) 您接触环境物质的情况和 (b) 您的基因。流行病学家已经找到了计算个体间风险的方法——如果接触环境因素足够高并且可以记录下来（例如，多年吸烟、服用处方药、饮酒或接触氡气或其他放射性物质等）。然而，如果环境因素的剂量较低且更加模糊（例如，在工作中接触化学品、高尔夫球场喷洒的除草剂、室外或室内空气污染、食品罐头中的内分泌干扰物、居住在有毒废物倾倒场附近等），计算个体间风险就会变得更加困难。为了识别高风险个体，人们寻求对毒性和癌症遗传易感性进行高度准确的 DNA 测试；这类研究代表了表型-基因型关联研究的前沿，是大多数公共卫生和预防医学项目的主要目标。然而，事实证明这项任务比预期更具挑战性。主要的障碍是难以确定明确的表型或明确的基因型。 5-10 年前我们非常乐观地认为这很容易，但现在我们开始意识到确定性地确定明确的表型或基因型是多么困难。由于本概述中阐述的许多原因，仅凭 DNA 测试来预测和预防个体环境疾病，在当前的知识和技术下几乎是不可能的，并且在主要的实际应用发展之前需要新颖的见解。
Virtually all diseases have an environmental component. The two most important factors affecting your unique risk of an environmental disease (toxicity or cancer) are (a) your exposure to the environmental agent and (b) your genes. Epidemiologists have found ways to calculate inter-individual risk—if the exposure to environmental agents is sufficiently high and can be documented (e.g., years of cigarette smoking, taking prescribed drugs, drinking alcohol, or exposure to radon or other radioactive material, etc.). If the dose of environmental agents is lower and more ambiguous (e.g., exposure to chemicals on the job, herbicides sprayed on a golf course, outdoor or indoor air pollution, endocrine disruptors in cans of food, living near a toxic waste dump site, etc.), however, calculations of inter-individual risk become much more difficult. Highly accurate DNA tests for genetic susceptibility to toxicity and cancer have been sought in order to identify individuals at increased risk; this type of research represents the leading edge of phenotype–genotype association studies and is the major goal of most public health and preventive medicine programs. The task, however, has turned out to be far more challenging than anticipated. The major stumbling block has been the difficulty in determining an unequivocal phenotype or an unequivocal genotype. We were quite optimistic 5–10 years ago that this would be easy, but now we are beginning to appreciate how difficult it is to determine an unequivocal phenotype or genotype with certainty. For many reasons set forth in this overview, it appears that DNA testing alone, to predict and prevent environmental disease on an individual basis, may be virtually impossible with current knowledge and technologies and will require novel insights before major practical applications will evolve.
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影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Sebat, J;Lakshmi, B;Wigler, M
通讯作者：
Wigler, M
影响因子：
4
作者：
Campbell, CJ;Ghazal, P
通讯作者：
Ghazal, P
影响因子：
30.8
作者：
Jeffreys, AJ;May, CA
通讯作者：
May, CA
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-94744-5_2
发表时间：
1959
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
F. Vogel
通讯作者：
F. Vogel
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Li, JL;Hayden, MR;Myers, RH
通讯作者：
Myers, RH