Metallogeny of the North China Craton: Link with secular changes in the evolving Earth
Metallogeny of the North China Craton: Link with secular changes in the evolving Earth
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.gr.2013.02.007
复制
发表时间：
2013-07
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
M. Zhai;M. Santosh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Zhai;M. Santosh
华北克拉通自前寒武纪早期以来经历了复杂的地质演化过程，承载着构造和成矿作用长期变化的重要记录。在此，我们综合了北砾岩在-à-vis主要成矿事件中演化和破坏的显著地质构造特征，以及潜在矿床的形成。我们确定了NCC的主要地质事件与全球其他地方报道的地质事件之间的密切关系。在成矿模式、矿床特征、空间分布和成因机制等方面均有规律性的变化，与该克拉通主要地质构造事件的时间和样式密切匹配。北克拉通经历了5个主要构造旋回：(1)新太古代地壳生长与稳定，(2)古元古代带大氧化事件（GOE）印记的裂陷—俯冲—增生—碰撞，(3)晚古元古代—新元古代多期裂陷，(4)克拉通边缘古生代造山运动，(5)与岩石圈减薄和去地壳化相关的中生代伸展构造。与这些重大地质事件相对应的五大成矿系统为：(1)太古宙BIF系统，(2)古元古代Cu-Pb-Zn和Mg-B系统，(3)中元古代REE-Fe-Pb-Zn系统，(4)古生代造山带Cu-Mo系统，(5)中生代陆内Au和Ag-Pb-Zn和Mo系统。各成矿系统中的矿床类型具有鲜明的特征和构造亲和性。从早前寒武纪到晚前寒武纪，再到古生代和中生代，北陆盆地经历了从原始到现代的板块构造转变。在俯冲-增生环境下的叠瓦状海洋板块地层学证据，以及沿至少三个主要海洋闭合带的碰撞造山作用被记录下来。世界其他地区记录的构造样式和地表环境变化的重大转变也反映在北陆盆地的地质历史和成矿事件中。中生代板块内构造形成的大型金矿床为岩石圈减薄和克拉通破坏相关的地幔动力学和壳幔相互作用提供了重要见解。NCC为记录地球演化过程中地质历史和成矿时代的长期变化提供了最好的例子之一。
The North China Craton (NCC) has experienced a complex geological evolution since the early Precambrian, and carries important records of secular changes in tectonics and metallogeny. Here we synthesize the salient geological and tectonic features of the evolution and destruction of the NCC vis-à-vis major metallogenic events, and the formation of potential ore deposits. We identify a close relationship between the major geological events in the NCC and those reported elsewhere on the globe. We trace the records of a regular change in the pattern of metallogeny, mineral deposit character, spatial distribution and genetic mechanisms, which closely match the timing and styles of the major geological and tectonic events in this craton. The NCC went through five major tectonic cycles: (1) Neoarchean crustal growth and stabilization, (2) Paleoproterozoic rifting–subduction–accretion–collision with imprints of the Great Oxidation Event (GOE), (3) Late Paleoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic multi-stage rifting, (4) Paleozoic orogenesis at the margins of the craton, and (5) Mesozoic extensional tectonics associated with lithospheric thinning and decratonization. Coinciding with these major geological events are five major metallogenic systems identified as follows: (1) an Archean BIF system, (2) Paleoproterozoic Cu–Pb–Zn and Mg–B systems, (3) a Mesoproterozoic REE–Fe–Pb–Zn system, (4) a Paleozoic orogenic Cu–Mo system, and (5) Mesozoic intracontinental Au and Ag–Pb–Zn and Mo systems. The ore-deposit types in each of these metallogenic systems show distinct characteristics and tectonic affinities. From Early Precambrian through Late Precambrian to Paleozoic and Mesozoic, the NCC records a transition from primitive- to modern-style plate tectonics. Evidence for imbricated oceanic plate stratigraphy in a subduction–accretion setting, and collisional orogenesis along at least three major zones of ocean closure are documented. Major transitions in tectonic style and surface environmental changes recorded in other parts of the world are also reflected in the geological history and metallogenic events in the NCC. Large-scale gold deposits formed through intraplate tectonics during the Mesozoic provide important insights into mantle dynamics and crust–mantle interaction associated with lithospheric thinning and craton destruction. The NCC provides one of the best examples for documenting secular changes in the geological history and metallogenic epochs of an evolving Earth.