Contractualism and Social Risk
Contractualism and Social Risk
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契约主义与社会风险
DOI：
10.1111/papa.12058
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
J. Frick
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Frick
当代nonconsequentialism是一个家庭的意见团结起来，而不是由一个积极的学说，而不是怀疑主义对中央原则的consequentialist伦理思想。其中一个原则，这是由大多数结果主义者所接受，但反对许多nonconsequentialists，是人际聚合的概念。伦理学理论，如古典功利主义，捍卫人际聚合认为，在评估一个行动，我们应该把它强加给不同的人的利益和损失，以获得一个总量;这代表了行动的结果的整体善良。行为的正确与否并不取决于它对每个人的影响，而是取决于利益与损失的净平衡。这种聚合推理常常产生违反直觉的含义，特别是在它要求我们让少数人受苦的情况下
Contemporary nonconsequentialism is a family of views united less by a positive doctrine than by skepticism toward central tenets of consequentialist ethical thought. One such tenet, which is embraced by most consequentialists but opposed by many nonconsequentialists, is the notion of interpersonal aggregation. Ethical theories, like classical utilitarianism, that defend interpersonal aggregation hold that in evaluating an action, we should sum the benefits and losses it imposes on different people to obtain an aggregate quantity; this represents the overall goodness of the action’s consequences. The rightness or wrongness of the action depends not on how it affects each individual, but on the net balance of benefits over losses. Aggregative reasoning of this kind often yields counterintuitive implications, especially in cases where it enjoins us to let a few people suffer