Morphometry of the adult human earlobe: A study of 547 subjects and clinical application
Morphometry of the adult human earlobe: A study of 547 subjects and clinical application
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DOI：
10.1097/01.prs.0000060995.99380.de
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发表时间：
2003-06-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Hauben, DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Azaria, R;Adler, N;Hauben, DJ
本研究旨在探讨影响耳垂长度的因素，并建立成人耳垂长度的性别、年龄标准。研究样本包括547名20岁以上的成年受试者。采用随机前瞻性设计。排除了恶性肿瘤、既往手术或耳垂创伤或先天性耳垂异常的患者。研究了以下变量：性别、年龄、种族、肤色、身高、体重和体重指数以及穿孔。采用Pearson相关分析、方差分析、I检验和多元回归分析进行统计学分析。年龄在20至80岁之间的有383名妇女（70%）和164名男子（30%）。左耳垂平均长1.97cm（SD，0.42cm），右耳垂平均长2.01cm（SD，0.42cm）（P < 0.0001）。事后检验显示，男性和女性的三个年龄组（20至40岁、40至60岁和>60岁）之间存在统计学显著差异。1次测试显示，下垂耳垂明显长于非下垂耳垂，对称性差。在男性中，未穿孔的左耳垂比穿孔的耳垂长;在女性中，穿孔和未穿孔的耳朵之间没有显著差异。皮尔森对体重、身高和身体质量指数的相关性检验表明，只有体重对耳垂长度有显著影响，而且只在女性中。对种族和肤色的方差分析显示，与埃塞俄比亚人、亚洲人、美国犹太人和阿拉伯人相比，德系犹太人和西班牙系犹太人的左耳垂较长，而与深色皮肤和浅色皮肤的人相比，黑人的耳垂较短。多元回归分析显示，性别和年龄是影响耳垂长度的唯一因素。根据作者的研究结果，编制了耳垂平均长度的年龄表。这些数据，再加上40岁以上女性耳垂长度变化不大、耳垂不对称、个别患者左右非下垂耳垂对称且短于下垂耳垂的知识，可以帮助整形外科医生决定耳垂成形术的适当时间。最好的技术是创造一个不下垂的耳垂，以尽量减少随着时间的推移进一步延长的机会。
The purpose of this study was to define the factors that influence earlobe length and to establish a standard for adult earlobe length by sex and age. The study sample consisted of 547 adult subjects older than 20 years of age. A randomized, prospective design was used. Patients with malignancies, previous surgery or trauma to the earlobe, or congenital earlobe anomalies were excluded. The following variables were studied: sex; age; ethnic origin; skin complexion; height, weight, and body mass index; and piercing. Pearson's correlation, analysis of variance, I test, and multiple regression analysis were used for the statistical analysis. There were 383 women (70 percent) and 164 men (30 percent) aged 20 to 80 years. The average length of the left earlobe was 1.97 cm (SD, 0.42 cm), and that of the right earlobe, 2.01 cm (SD, 0.42 cm) (p < 0.0001). A post hoc test revealed a statistically significant difference among the three age groups (20 to 40 years, 40 to 60 years, and >60 years) in both men and women. Pendulous earlobes were significantly longer and less symmetrical than nonpendulous ones by 1 test. In men, nonpierced left earlobes were longer than pierced lobes; in women, there was no significant difference between pierced and nonpierced ears. Pearson's correlation tests for weight, height, and body mass index showed that only weight had a significant effect on earlobe length, and only in women. Analysis of variance for ethnic origin and skin color revealed a longer left earlobe in Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews compared with Ethiopian, Asian, and American Jews and Arabs and a short earlobe in blacks compared with dark and fair-skinned people. On multiple regression analysis, sex and age were the only factors that contributed to earlobe length. A table of average earlobe length by age was formulated on the basis of the authors' findings. These data, together with the knowledge that earlobe length changes little in women over 40, that earlobes are not symmetrical, and that right and left nonpendulous earlobes are symmetrical in individual patients and shorter than pendulous earlobes, can assist the plastic surgeon in deciding on the proper time for loboplasty. The preferable technique is creating a nonpendulous earlobe to minimize the chances of further elongation with time.