Habitat and successional status of plants in relation to the communities of their leaf‐chewing herbivores in Papua New Guinea
Habitat and successional status of plants in relation to the communities of their leaf‐chewing herbivores in Papua New Guinea
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巴布亚新几内亚与食叶食草动物群落相关的植物栖息地和演替状况
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
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通讯作者：
Y. Basset
中科院分区：
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作者：
J. Lepš;V. Novotný;Y. Basset
1研究了30种木本植物（大戟科和桑科各15种）及其咀嚼叶群落（直翅目、竹节目、鞘翅目和鳞翅目）在沿海、河流和热带雨林生境中的空间分布。 一个演替系列，从废弃的花园到原始森林，进行了研究。寄主植物记录超过27 000昆虫，所有验证的饲养实验，近9000植物标本的空间分布进行了评估。2寄主植物的系统发育（分类）相关性解释了56%的植食性群落组成的变异，而植物的生态（分布）相似性仅解释了4%。 3植物物种的演替最适状态不是决定其食草动物群落组成的重要因素。 4植物的演替适宜性和植物对通性食草动物的适口性与其食草动物的种类数、丰度和寄主特异性均不相关，植物对通性食草动物的适口性与其演替适宜性也不相关。 5.在演替的后期，食草动物群落越来越被少数丰富的物种所控制。 6榕树的平均适口性较低，比大戟科植物支持更多的食草动物种类。 两个科之间的食草动物丰度和优势度没有显著差异。7这些结果与以前关于温带地区演替趋势的几项研究相矛盾。 然而，许多热带演替都是从先锋树开始的，而不是从一年生草本植物开始的，即使在最早的阶段，也可能为昆虫提供一个永久的、可预测的栖息地，对多食性物种没有优势。热带地区的许多先锋树木具有抗食草动物的防御能力，导致它们对通才的适口性较低，食草动物的宿主特异性增加，食草动物群落的组成往往具有特异性。即使是植物的特征，如其食草动物的物种丰富度或适口性可能有一个系统发育的组成部分，不应该被忽视。
1 The spatial distribution of 30 woody species (15 species each of Euphorbiaceae and Moraceae) and their associated leaf‐chewing communities (Orthoptera, Phasmatodea, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera) were studied in coastal, riverine and rain forest habitats. A successional series, from abandoned gardens to primary forest, was examined. Host plant records for more than 27 000 insects, all verified by feeding experiments, and spatial distribution of almost 9000 plant specimens were evaluated. 2 Phylogenetic (taxonomic) relatedness of host plants explained 56% of the variability in the composition of their herbivore communities, while the ecological (distribution) similarity of plants explained only 4%. 3 The successional optimum of plant species was not an important determinant of the composition of their herbivore communities. 4 Neither plant successional optimum nor plant palatability to a generalist herbivore were correlated with the number of species, abundance or host specificity of its herbivores, nor was there a correlation between a plant’s palatability to a generalist herbivore and its successional optimum. 5 Herbivore communities became dominated increasingly by a few abundant species in later stages of succession. 6 On average, Ficus species had lower palatability and supported more species of herbivores than species of Euphorbiaceae. The abundance of herbivores and their dominance index were not significantly different between the two plant families. 7 These results contradict several previous studies of successional trends in temperate regions. Many tropical successions, however, start with pioneer trees, rather than with annual herbs, and may present a permanent and predictable habitat for insects even at the earliest stages, with no advantage for polyphagous species. Numerous pioneer trees in the tropics possess anti‐herbivore defences, resulting in their low palatability to generalists, increased host specificity of herbivores, and often idiosyncratic composition of herbivore communities. Even plant traits such as species richness of their herbivores or palatability may have a phylogenetic component which should not be ignored.