Materials for the plasma-facing components of fusion reactors
Materials for the plasma-facing components of fusion reactors
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.005
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发表时间：
2004-08-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Yoshida, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bolt, H;Barabash, V;Yoshida, N
在反应器操作期间，面向等离子体的材料必须满足非常复杂且有时矛盾的要求。目前，钨作为面向等离子体的材料显示出最高的前景。在ASDEX升级托卡马克的实验表明，等离子体操作是可行的壁和偏滤器表面主要覆盖着钨。在EUROFER第一壁模型上通过等离子喷涂沉积了厚钨涂层，并显示出良好的附着力和稳定性。钨表面在强瞬时热负荷下的性能是另一个关键问题，因为熔化层的形成可能有利于高活性尘埃颗粒的产生。“纳米晶”钨的工作将提高中子辐照下的机械性能，这对设计尤其重要，钨还必须履行结构功能。目前正在开发具有非常高的导热性的替代偏滤器散热器材料，如SiC纤维增强铜复合材料，并应允许在反应堆相关冷却剂温度下运行。(C)2004 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。
During reactor operation the plasma-facing materials have to fulfil very complex and sometimes contradicting requirements. At present, tungsten shows the highest promise as plasma-facing material. Experiments in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak indicate that plasma operation is feasible with walls and divertor surfaces mostly covered with tungsten. Thick tungsten coatings have been deposited by plasma spraying on EUROFER first wall mock-ups and show good adhesion and stability. The performance of tungsten surfaces under intense transient thermal loads is another critical issue, since the formation of a melt layer may favour the generation of highly activated dust particles. Work on 'nanocrystalline' tungsten shall improve the mechanical properties under neutron irradiation which is especially important for designs, where tungsten has also to fulfil structural functions. Alternative divertor heat sink materials with very high thermal conductivity like SiC-fibre reinforced copper composites are presently being developed and should allow operation at reactor relevant coolant temperatures. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.