DEPRESSIVE DEFICITS IN MEMORY - FOCUSING ATTENTION IMPROVES SUBSEQUENT RECALL
DEPRESSIVE DEFICITS IN MEMORY - FOCUSING ATTENTION IMPROVES SUBSEQUENT RECALL
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DOI：
10.1037/0096-3445.120.3.301
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发表时间：
1991-09-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
RUDE, SS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HERTEL, PT;RUDE, SS
被诊断为抑郁症，从抑郁症中恢复过来，或没有抑郁症病史的人进行了一项无意的学习任务，随后进行了自由回忆和强迫回忆的测试。在学习任务中，学生决定一系列名词是否明智地完成了不同决策难度的相应句子框架。对于一半的Ss来说，他们的注意力不受任务要求的限制。然而，其他人被要求在试验结束时重复目标名词，以将注意力集中在任务上。在不集中注意力的情况下，抑郁的学生随后回忆的单词比两个对照组都少，但在集中注意力的情况下，这种缺陷消失了。这些结果表明，抑郁症可能不会从根本上损害完成这些任务所需的资源。研究结果与资源分配、主动性和抑制性记忆缺陷有关。
Ss diagnosed as depressed, recovered from depression, or without a history of depression performed an unintentional learning task, followed by tests of free and forced recall. In the learning task, Ss decided whether a series of nouns sensibly completed corresponding sentence frames that varied in decision difficulty. For half of the Ss, the focus of attention was unconstrained by the demands of this task. The others, however, were required to repeat the targeted noun at the end of the trial as a means of focusing their attention on the task. Depressed Ss in the unfocused condition subsequently recalled fewer words than did both control groups, but this deficit disappeared in the focused condition. These results suggest that depression might not fundamentally impair the resources required for good performance on such tasks. The results' relevance to resource-allocation, initiative, and inhibition accounts of depressive deficits in memory is discussed.