ANIMAL-WELFARE - CONCEPTS AND MEASUREMENT
ANIMAL-WELFARE - CONCEPTS AND MEASUREMENT
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DOI：
10.2527/1991.69104167x
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发表时间：
1991-10-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
BROOM, DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BROOM, DM
“福利”一词是指一个人相对于其所处环境的状态，这是可以衡量的。应对环境的失败和应对的困难都是福利状况不佳的指标。痛苦和糟糕的福利经常同时发生，但没有痛苦的福利也可以是贫穷的，福利不应该仅仅根据主观经验来定义。在这项研究中，对导致福利低下的情况进行了审查，特别提到了个人缺乏对与其环境的互动的控制的情况。福利较差的指标包括：预期寿命缩短、生长受损、生殖受损、身体受损、疾病、免疫抑制、肾上腺活动、行为异常和自我麻醉。讨论了反应性、刻板印象和动物偏好的测量在福利评估中的使用。强调有必要直接衡量较差的福利，以及使用对动物喜好的复杂研究。
The term "welfare" refers to the state of an individual in relation to its environment, and this can be measured. Both failure to cope with the environment and difficulty in coping are indicators of poor welfare. Suffering and poor welfare often occur together, but welfare can be poor without suffering and welfare should not be defined solely in terms of subjective experiences. The situations that result in poor welfare are reviewed in this study with special reference to those in which an individual lacks control over interactions with its environment. The indicators of poor welfare include the following: reduced life expectancy, impaired growth, impaired reproduction, body damage, disease, immunosuppression, adrenal activity, behavior anomalies, and self-narcotization. The uses of measures of responsiveness, stereotypies, and animal preferences in welfare assessment are discussed. The need to make direct measurement of poor welfare as well as to use sophisticated studies of animal preferences is emphasized.