Phylogeny of pteromalid parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae):: Initial evidence from four protein-coding nuclear genes
Phylogeny of pteromalid parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae):: Initial evidence from four protein-coding nuclear genes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ympev.2007.08.004
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发表时间：
2007-11-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Mitter, Charles
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Desjardins, Christopher A.;Regier, Jerome C.;Mitter, Charles
沙尔西多（Chalcidoidea）（大约22,000种描述的物种）是寄生膜翅目生态上最多样化的超家族，并且在虫害的生物学控制中起主要作用。然而，在葡萄菌家族内部和之间的系统发育关系都被了解不足，特别是对于大型家族翼展和亲戚。四十二个分类群广泛代表沙尔西多德，但集中在“翼展谱系”中，对我们呈现新启动的四个核基因的4620 bp蛋白质编码序列进行了测序。这些是：CAD（1719 bp）DDC（708 bp），烯醇酶（1149 bp）和PEPCK（1044 bp）。使用简约，最大似然和贝叶斯方法分析组合的数据集。使用Shimodaira的近似偏见的测试评估了树木上某些分类群在我们树上的明显非单植物的统计显着性[Shimodaira，H.，2002。系统。生物。 51（3），492-508]。根据先前的研究，我们发现对Chalcidoidea的单植物，Mymaridae与Chalcidoidea其余部分的姊妹关系以及相对基础的Encarsia（Aphelinidae）在后者中的基础位置。家族的“翼展谱系”通常被恢复为单系，但翼科的单属假说，相对于在该谱系中采样的所有其他家族而言，它们似乎是销售的。果断地拒绝（p <10（-14））。在翼展内部，几乎所有由多个示例和两个亚家族代表的部落都得到了很大的支持。我们的树木中出现了所有其他多代表性的亚家族，但仅对Miscogasterinae，Ormocerinae和Colotrechninae被显着拒绝。此处介绍的分析中获得的有限分辨率加强了这样一种观念，即重建孢子体系统发育是一个困难的问题，这可能是由于许多沙尔氏菌类群的快速辐射所致。生命历史特征的最初系统发育比较表明，祖先的葡萄球类动物是小的和寄生的昆虫卵。 （c）2007 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。
Chalcidoidea (approximately 22,000 described species) is the most ecologically diverse superfamily of parasitic Hymenoptera and plays a major role in the biological control of insect pests. However, phylogenetic relationships both within and between chalcidoid families have been poorly understood, particularly for the large family Pteromalidae and relatives. Forty-two taxa, broadly representing Chalcidoidea but concentrated in the 'pteromalid lineage,' were sequenced for 4620 bp of protein-coding sequence from four nuclear genes for which we present new primers. These are: CAD (1719 bp) DDC (708 bp), enolase (1149 bp), and PEPCK (1044 bp). The combined data set was analyzed using parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods. Statistical significance of the apparent nonmonophyly of some taxonomic groups on our trees was evaluated using the approximately unbiased test of Shimodaira [Shimodaira, H. 2002. An approximately unbiased test of phylogenetic tree selection. Syst. Biol. 51(3), 492-508]. In accord with previous studies, we find moderate to strong support for monophyly of Chalcidoidea, a sister-group relationship of Mymaridae to the remainder of Chalcidoidea, and a relatively basal placement of Encarsia (Aphelinidae) within the latter. The 'pteromalid lineage' of families is generally recovered as monophyletic, but the hypothesis of monophyly for Pteromalidae, which appear paraphyletic with respect to all other families sampled in that lineage. is decisively rejected (P < 10(-14)). Within Pteromalidae, monophyly was strongly supported for nearly all tribes represented by multiple exemplars, and for two subfamilies. All other multiply-represented subfamilies appeared para- or polyphyletic in our trees, although monophyly was significantly rejected only for Miscogasterinae, Ormocerinae, and Colotrechninae. The limited resolution obtained in the analyses presented here reinforces the idea that reconstruction of pteromalid phylogeny is a difficult problem, possibly due to rapid radiation of many chalcidoid taxa. Initial phylogenetic comparisons of life history traits suggest that the ancestral chalcidoid was small-bodied and parasitized insect eggs. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.