Probing quantum optical excitations with fast electrons
Probing quantum optical excitations with fast electrons
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DOI：
10.1364/optica.6.001524
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发表时间：
2019-12-20
期刊：
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Garcia de Abajo, F. Javier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Di Giulio, Valerio;Kociak, Mathieu;Garcia de Abajo, F. Javier
以纳米分辨率探测光激发对于理解它们的动力学和相互作用到原子尺度是重要的。电子显微镜目前提供了无与伦比的能力，可以以meV和亚纳米的分辨率呈现空间分辨电子光谱，而超快光脉冲的使用可以实现fs时间分辨率并将电子暴露在超强的受限光场中。在这里，我们从理论上研究的基本方面的相互作用的快速电子与本地化的光学模式，使这些进步成为可能。我们使用的光场的量子光学描述来预测，由此产生的电子光谱强烈依赖于样品激发（玻色子或费米子）和它们的人口（福克，相干，或热），其自相关函数的统计直接检索从电子增益强度的比率。我们进一步探索可行的实验方案来探测采样激发及其种群的量子特性。特别是，我们提出了现实的模拟电子束与光学腔渗透与光泵量子发射器，我们表明，进行不同的时间演变的腔模式的统计，导致激进的修改，在传输的电子光谱依赖于泵电子延迟。(c)根据OSA开放获取出版协议的条款，2019年美国光学学会
Probing optical excitations with nanometer resolution is important for understanding their dynamics and interactions down to the atomic scale. Electron microscopes currently offer the unparalleled ability of rendering spatially resolved electron spectra with combined meV and sub-nm resolution, while the use of ultrafast optical pulses enables fs temporal resolution and exposure of the electrons to ultraintense confined optical fields. Here, we theoretically investigate fundamental aspects of the interaction of fast electrons with localized optical modes that are made possible by these advances. We use a quantum optics description of the optical field to predict that the resulting electron spectra strongly depend on the statistics of the sample excitations (bosonic or fermionic) and their population (Fock, coherent, or thermal), whose autocorrelation functions are directly retrieved from the ratios of electron gain intensities. We further explore feasible experimental scenarios to probe the quantum characteristics of the sampled excitations and their populations. In particular, we present realistic simulations for electron beams interacting with optical cavities infiltrated with optically pumped quantum emitters, which we show to undergo a varied temporal evolution in the cavity mode statistics that causes radical modifications in the transmitted electron spectra depending on pump-electron delay. (c) 2019 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement