What controls tropical forest architecture? Testing environmental, structural and floristic drivers
What controls tropical forest architecture? Testing environmental, structural and floristic drivers
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1466-8238.2012.00778.x
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发表时间：
2012-12-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Lewis, S. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Banin, L.;Feldpausch, T. R.;Lewis, S. L.
目的探讨热带森林垂直结构在多大程度上受环境、森林结构或地理历史的影响。位置泛热带。方法利用112块非连续样地20,497株树木的高径数据，采用非线性混合效应模型计算了渐近最大高径关系，以检验样地间差异的环境和结构原因，以及在考虑环境和结构因素后是否存在大陆性差异;差异的持续存在可能意味着地理学对垂直森林结构的重要性。NLME分析植物区系的数据子集（只/不包括豆科和只/不包括龙脑香科的个人）被用来检查是否家庭水平的模式揭示跨大陆差异的地理学解释。结果各洲间HAM和异速生长存在显著差异。HAM在亚洲森林中最大（58.3 +/- 7.5？m，95%CI），其次是非洲森林（45.1 +/- 2.6？m）、美国（35.8 ± 6.0？m）和澳大利亚（35.0 +/- 7.4？m），高度与直径的关系也有类似的变化;对于给定的直径，茎在亚洲最高，其次是非洲、美洲和澳大利亚。降水季节性，断面积，干密度，太阳辐射和木材密度各自解释了一些异速生长和HAM的变化，但大陆的差异仍然存在，即使这些占。使用植物区系子集的分析表明，显着的大陆差异，在HAM和异速生长持续在所有情况下。主要结论树木异速生长和最大树高受环境条件、林分结构和木材密度的影响。然而，即使考虑到这些因素，热带森林的结构在各大洲之间也有很大差异。亚洲热带森林较高的高度并不直接取决于龙脑香科的优势，因为平均而言，非龙脑香科植物的高度相同。我们假设，占主导地位的大statured家庭创造的条件，只有高的物种可以竞争，从而使森林占主导地位的高大的个人从不同的家庭。
Aim To test the extent to which the vertical structure of tropical forests is determined by environment, forest structure or biogeographical history. Location Pan-tropical. Methods Using height and diameter data from 20,497 trees in 112 non-contiguous plots, asymptotic maximum height (H AM) and heightdiameter relationships were computed with nonlinear mixed effects (NLME) models to: (1) test for environmental and structural causes of differences among plots, and (2) test if there were continental differences once environment and structure were accounted for; persistence of differences may imply the importance of biogeography for vertical forest structure. NLME analyses for floristic subsets of data (only/excluding Fabaceae and only/excluding Dipterocarpaceae individuals) were used to examine whether family-level patterns revealed biogeographical explanations of cross-continental differences. Results H AM and allometry were significantly different amongst continents. H AM was greatest in Asian forests (58.3 +/- 7.5?m, 95% CI), followed by forests in Africa (45.1 +/- 2.6?m), America (35.8 +/- 6.0?m) and Australia (35.0 +/- 7.4?m), and heightdiameter relationships varied similarly; for a given diameter, stems were tallest in Asia, followed by Africa, America and Australia. Precipitation seasonality, basal area, stem density, solar radiation and wood density each explained some variation in allometry and H AM yet continental differences persisted even after these were accounted for. Analyses using floristic subsets showed that significant continental differences in H AM and allometry persisted in all cases. Main conclusions Tree allometry and maximum height are altered by environmental conditions, forest structure and wood density. Yet, even after accounting for these, tropical forest architecture varies significantly from continent to continent. The greater stature of tropical forests in Asia is not directly determined by the dominance of the family Dipterocarpaceae, as on average non-dipterocarps are equally tall. We hypothesise that dominant large-statured families create conditions in which only tall species can compete, thus perpetuating a forest dominated by tall individuals from diverse families.