FACTORING AND WEIGHTING APPROACHES TO STATUS SCORES AND CLIQUE IDENTIFICATION
FACTORING AND WEIGHTING APPROACHES TO STATUS SCORES AND CLIQUE IDENTIFICATION
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DOI：
10.1080/0022250x.1972.9989806
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发表时间：
1972-01-01
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
BONACICH, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BONACICH, P
三种截然不同的设计受欢迎程度或中心性指数的技术，虽然变化不大，但都是对称社会结构的一种基本解决方案。由此产生的流行度或中心度分数的优点是它们可以用所有三种不同的方式进行解释，并且技术的基本特性的隔离使得它们之间重要的微小差异更加明显。此外，还将表明该解决方案使派系结构一目了然。该解决方案将与 HubbelPs (1965) 计算状态分数的方法进行对比。考虑到这三种方法，W 将是关系或社会计量学选择的对称矩阵。 W 中的所有值均假定在 0 和 1 之间（包括 0 和 1）。例如，如果人/·和j是朋友，则W=1，否则W、j=0。主对角线上的元素全部为零。本文描述的解决方案仅适用于对称结构。有些社会结构天生是对称的，或者可以合理地使其对称。例如，彼此交谈、共度时光、约会等行为关系都是天然对称的。友谊可以被定义为只包括相互的选择。可能需要通信结构中的中心性指数，作为信息从个体传播的速度有多快或个体由于其在通信网络中的关键位置而拥有多少权力的线索。如果通信通道是双向的，则该结构将是对称的。然而，其他关系将不可避免地是不对称的，例如对团体中最有权势或最受欢迎的人的提名，而对于这些关系，该方法不是合适的工具。由于仅限于对称结构，该技术在应用中不太通用，但在解释上却更通用。
Three very different techniques for devising indices of popularity or centrality have, with small variation, one basic solution for symmetric social structures. The resulting popularity or centrality scores have the advantage that they can be interpreted in all three different ways, and the isolation of the essential identity of the techniques makes more visable the important small differences between them. Moreover, it will be shown that this solution gives the clique structure at a glance. The solution will be contrasted with HubbelPs (1965) method of calculating status scores. In the consideration of the three approaches, W will be a symmetric matrix of relationships or sociometric choices. All values in W are assumed to be between 0 and 1 inclusive. For example, it might be that W= 1 if persons/• and j are friends and W, j= 0 otherwise. The elements on the main diagonal are all zero. The solution described in this paper only works for symmetric structures. Some social structures are naturally symmetric or can reasonably be made so. For example, talking to one another, spending time together, dating, and other behavioral relations are naturally symmetric. Friendship could be defined to include only reciprocal choices. An index of centrality in a communication structure might be desired, as a clue to how fast information will spread from an individual or to how much power an individual has because of his key position in the communication network. This structure will be symmetric if the communication channels are two-way. However, other relations will be inalterably asymmetric, such as nominations for the most powerful or popular in the group, and for these the method is not the appropriate tool. By being restricted to symmetric structures the technique is less general in its application but more general in its interpretation.