Biased Guessing in a Complete-Identification Visual-Working-Memory Task: Further Evidence for Mixed-State Models
Biased Guessing in a Complete-Identification Visual-Working-Memory Task: Further Evidence for Mixed-State Models
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完整识别视觉工作记忆任务中的偏见猜测：混合状态模型的进一步证据
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Gold
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Nosofsky;J. Gold
据报道，研究提供了混合状态和猜测过程在视觉工作记忆（VWM）任务中的重要作用的证据。受试者参与完整识别 VWM 任务。刺激集由 16 种颜色组成，它们围绕色环大致等距分布。在每次试验中，都会简要呈现从颜色中提取的记忆集，然后进行位置探测。受试者尝试通过单击离散色轮的适当响应按钮来重现被探测项目的颜色。关键的操作是改变不同试验中替代正确反应的回报。对个体-受试者识别-混淆数据的结果矩阵的分析为系统猜测过程提供了证据：在受试者对探测刺激没有记忆的试验中，他们使用高回报反应进行猜测的概率很高。正式建模证实了这一解释。混合状态模型假设性能涉及基于记忆的响应和有偏猜测的组合，从而产生了准确且易于解释的识别数据说明；相比之下，没有猜测状态的可变资源（VR）模型很难解释数据，包括带有高回报响应偏差参数的版本。作者认为，这项工作增加了最近汇聚的证据来源，表明离散、混合状态在 VWM 中发挥着重要作用。作者还提出了扩展 VR 模型的开发方向，该模型具有复杂的知识丰富的决策规则，可用于完成识别任务。
Research is reported that provides evidence for a significant role of mixed states and guessing processes in tasks of visual working memory (VWM). Subjects engaged in a complete-identification VWM task. The stimulus set consisted of 16 colors roughly equally spaced around a color circle. On each trial, a memory-set drawn from the colors was briefly presented, followed by a location probe. Subjects attempted to reproduce the color of the probed item by clicking on the appropriate response button of a discrete color wheel. The key manipulation was to vary payoffs for alternative correct responses across trials. Analysis of the resulting matrices of individual-subject identification-confusion data provided evidence for a systematic guessing process: On trials in which subjects had no memory for the probed stimulus, they guessed with high probability using the high-payoff response. Formal modeling corroborated this interpretation. Mixed-state models that assumed that performance involved a combination of memory-based responding and biased guessing yielded accurate and easy-to-interpret accounts of the identification data; by comparison, variable-resources (VR) models without a guessing state struggled to account for the data, including versions with bias parameters for the high-payoff response. The authors argue that the work adds to recent converging sources of evidence that point to a significant role of discrete, mixed states in VWM. The authors also suggest directions for development of extended VR models with sophisticated knowledge-rich decision rules for the complete-identification task.