The principles of magnetic resonance.
The principles of magnetic resonance.
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DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072371
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发表时间：
1989-10
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
D. Longmore
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Longmore
磁共振（MR）没有已知的生物危害，能够在任何平面和三维信息块中产生高分辨率薄断层图像。它可用于研究血流，并获得有关在尺寸精确的图像上看到和量化的重要材料的组成的信息。MR图像是薄的断层摄影切片或真正的三维数据块，其可以以任何期望的方式重建，而不是射束中所有结构的阴影图。它是唯一能够以三维格式采集数据的成像技术。CT图像可以被重建以形成伪3-D图像或全息图，但是通过将数据采集为真3-D块所赋予的灵活性提供了许多优点。MR图像的空间分辨率理论上是低功率显微镜的空间分辨率，当前一代设备的实际限制是三分之一乘三分之一乘两毫米的体素尺寸。术语磁共振成像（MRI）通常使用，特别是在美国，避免与术语核相关，并强调该技术的成像潜力。术语核磁共振（NMR）或磁共振（MR）更准确地描述了迄今为止设计的最强大的诊断仪器。以下对MR中所涉及的现象的简化描述旨在是全面的，并且不需要对经典物理学、量子力学的预见性知识、对数学公式的流畅性或对图像重建的理解。MR有许多解释，有些省略了更困难的概念。在Gadian编写的关于MR的教科书《Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and its Applications for Living Systems》（牛津大学出版社，1982年）中可以找到准确、全面的描述。
Magnetic Resonance (MR), which has no known biological hazard, is capable of producing high resolution thin tomographic images in any plane and blocks of 3-dimensional information. It can be used to study blood flow and to gain information about the composition of important materials seen and quantified on dimensionally accurate images. The MR image is a thin tomographic slice or a true three dimensional block of data which can be reconstructed in any desired way rather than a shadowgram of all the structures in the beam. It is the only imaging technique which can acquire data in a 3-dimensional format. CT images can be reconstructed to form a pseudo 3-D image or a hologram but the flexibility conferred by acquiring the data as a true 3-D block gives many advantages. The spatial resolution of MR images are theoretically those of low powered microscopy, the practical limits with the present generation of equipment are voxel sizes of one third by one third by two millimetres. The term Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is used commonly, particularly in the USA, avoiding association with the term, nuclear, and emphasizing the imaging potential of the technique. The terms Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) or Magnetic Resonance (MR) more correctly describe the most powerful diagnostic instrument yet devised. The simplified description of the phenomena involved in MR which follows is intended to be comprehensive and does not require foreknowledge of classical physics, quantum mechanics, fluency with mathematical formulae or an understanding of image reconstruction. There are many explanations of MR, some omitting the more difficult concepts. An accurate, comprehensive description is found on the textbook on MR by Gadian, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and its Applications for Living Systems (Oxford University Press, 1982).