Soil nutrients cause threefold increase in pathogen and herbivore impacts on grassland plant biomass
Soil nutrients cause threefold increase in pathogen and herbivore impacts on grassland plant biomass
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土壤养分导致病原体和草食动物对草地植物生物量的影响增加三倍
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2745.14111
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发表时间：
2023-05
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Max M Zaret;L. Kinkel;E. Borer;E. Seabloom
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Max M Zaret;L. Kinkel;E. Borer;E. Seabloom
理论和实验相结合预测，增加土壤养分将改变食草动物和微生物对生态系统碳循环的影响。然而，很少有关于草食动物和土壤养分的研究同时测量生态系统的碳通量和碳库。更罕见的是操纵微生物和营养素的研究，这些研究着眼于生态系统的碳循环反应。我们在一个长期的、在低肥力草原上操纵叶真菌、土壤真菌、哺乳动物食草动物和节肢动物的实验中添加了养分。我们测量了整个生长季的总初级生产力(GPP)、生态系统呼吸(ER)、净生态系统交换(NEE)和植物生物量，以确定营养物质如何改变消费者对生态系统碳循环的影响。养分添加增加了地上生物量和GPP，但不增加ER，从而增加了生态系统的碳吸收速率。叶面真菌和节肢动物的减少增加了植物生物量。养分放大了消费者对植物生物量的影响，节肢动物和叶面真菌对施肥地块的地上生物量的影响要大三倍。综合。我们的工作表明，在整个生长季节，土壤资源改变了碳吸收速率，以及动物和真菌对植物生物量生产的影响。综上所述，持续的营养污染可能会增加生态系统的碳吸收，并促使真菌和食草动物对植物生物量生产产生更大的影响。
A combination of theory and experiments predicts that increasing soil nutrients will modify herbivore and microbial impacts on ecosystem carbon cycling. However, few studies of herbivores and soil nutrients have measured both ecosystem carbon fluxes and carbon pools. Even more rare are studies manipulating microbes and nutrients that look at ecosystem carbon cycling responses. We added nutrients to a long‐term, experiment manipulating foliar fungi, soil fungi, mammalian herbivores and arthropods in a low fertility grassland. We measured gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (ER), net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and plant biomass throughout the growing season to determine how nutrients modify consumer impacts on ecosystem carbon cycling. Nutrient addition increased above‐ground biomass and GPP, but not ER, resulting in an increase in ecosystem carbon uptake rate. Reducing foliar fungi and arthropods increased plant biomass. Nutrients amplified consumer effects on plant biomass, such that arthropods and foliar fungi had a threefold larger impact on above‐ground biomass in fertilized plots. Synthesis. Our work demonstrates that throughout the growing season soil resources modify carbon uptake rates as well as animal and fungal impacts on plant biomass production. Taken together, ongoing nutrient pollution may increase ecosystem carbon uptake and drive fungi and herbivores to have larger impacts on plant biomass production.