FORAGING BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION FOR DIVING IN THICK-BILLED MURRES
FORAGING BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION FOR DIVING IN THICK-BILLED MURRES
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DOI：
10.2307/1938746
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发表时间：
1992-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
KONNOFF, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CROLL, DA;GASTON, AJ;KONNOFF, D
在野外和实验室条件下研究了厚嘴海雀的觅食行为和对潜水的生理适应。电子，发光二极管，和毛细管记录设备被用来测量觅食行为。个人潜水是一个扁平的U形轮廓，并发生在持续几乎等于15分钟的较量。潜水模式是夜间的，大多数潜水发生在2000年和0400年之间。海雀可能会在猎物最多的时候集中觅食，因为它会在晚上作为深层散射层的一部分迁移到更接近水面的地方。虽然潜水平均深度为18米，持续时间为55秒，但大部分时间都在21米至40米之间。因此，海雀进行了大量的浅，短时间的潜水。最大下潜深度为210米，最大下潜时间为224秒。下降和上升速率平均分别为0.94和0.85米/秒。实验室测定的红细胞压积、血红蛋白、血容量和胸肌肌红蛋白水平分别为52.8%、18.0 g/100 mL、12.3%体重和1.9 g/100 g。总可用氧储存量计算为44.8 mL/kg，估计有氧潜水极限（ADL）为47 s。Murres在48%的潜水中超过了计算的ADL。长时间潜水可能是一个更有效的觅食策略，因为它们的体积相对较小，氧气储存能力有限。观察到的潜水深度提出了减压病（弯曲）和肺萎陷的潜在问题。
Foraging behavior and physiological adaptations for diving were studied in Thick-billed Murres, Uria lomvia, in the field and laboratory. Electronic, light-emitting diode, and capillary recording devices were used to measure foraging behavior. Individual dives were a flattened U shape in profile, and occurred in bouts lasting almost-equal-to 15 min. Dive patterns were nocturnal; most dives occurred between 2000 and 0400. Murres probably concentrate their foraging effort at times when prey is most available as it migrates closer to the surface in the evening as part of the deep scattering layer. Although dives averaged 18 m in depth and 55 s in duration, most time-at-depth was spent between 21 and 40 m. Thus, murres made a large number of shallow, short-duration dives. Maximum dive depth was 210 m, while maximum dive duration was 224 s. Descent and ascent rates averaged 0.94 and 0.85 m/s, respectively. Hematocrit, hemoglobin, blood volume, and pectoralis myoglobin levels were measured in the laboratory as 52.8%, 18.0 g/100 mL, 12.3% body mass, and 1.9 g/100 g, respectively. Total useable oxygen store was calculated as 44.8 mL/kg, giving an estimated aerobic dive limit (ADL) of 47 s. Murres exceeded the calculated ADL in 48% of their dives. Long-duration diving is probably a more efficient foraging strategy for murres given their relatively small size and limited oxygen storage capabilities. The observed dive depths raised questions of potential problems with decompression sickness (bends) and lung collapse.