Physical and Biological Constraints Govern Perceived Animacy of Scrambled Human Forms
Physical and Biological Constraints Govern Perceived Animacy of Scrambled Human Forms
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物理和生物约束控制着乱七八糟的人类形态的感知生命力
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Hongjing Lu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Steven M. Thurman;Hongjing Lu
生物运动的点光动画被迅速和自发地感知，产生了一种不可抗拒的生命感。然而，支持基于生物运动的有生命性判断的机制仍然不清楚。目前的研究表明，当人类行走的空间混乱的动画保持与两个基本约束的一致性：重力方向和内在和外在运动方向之间的一致性时，生命评级增加。此外，使用反向相关的方法，我们表明，观察员采用结构模板，或基于形式的“先验”，反映了原型哺乳动物的身体计划时，归因于生命的混乱的人类形式。这些发现表明，在混乱的生物运动的生命知觉不仅涉及到局部的内在运动的分析，但它与全球外部运动和全球空间结构的一致性。因此，它们表明了关于自然环境中生物特征的先验知识的强烈影响。
Point-light animations of biological motion are perceived quickly and spontaneously, giving rise to an irresistible sensation of animacy. However, the mechanisms that support judgments of animacy based on biological motion remain unclear. The current study demonstrates that animacy ratings increase when a spatially scrambled animation of human walking maintains consistency with two fundamental constraints: the direction of gravity and congruency between the directions of intrinsic and extrinsic motion. Furthermore, using a reverse-correlation method, we show that observers employ structural templates, or form-based “priors,” reflecting the prototypical mammalian body plan when attributing animacy to scrambled human forms. These findings reveal that perception of animacy in scrambled biological motion involves not only analysis of local intrinsic motion, but also its congruency with global extrinsic motion and global spatial structure. Thus, they suggest a strong influence of prior knowledge about characteristic features of creatures in the natural environment.