Health Policy and Privacy Challenges Associated With Digital Technology
Health Policy and Privacy Challenges Associated With Digital Technology
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DOI：
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8285
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发表时间：
2020-07-09
影响因子：
13.8
通讯作者：
Cannuscio, Carolyn C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grande, David;Marti, Xochitl Luna;Cannuscio, Carolyn C.
问题：数字技术对健康隐私带来了哪些挑战？结果在这项定性研究中，健康隐私的5个关键挑战与数字技术相关：不可见性（人们不知道他们是如何被跟踪的），不准确性（有缺陷的数据），不朽性（数据永远不会过期），适销性（数据经常被买卖）和可识别性（个人可以很容易地重新识别）。研究结果表明，在美国，针对特定行业的数字技术隐私保护方法可能与健康隐私保护不足有关。重要性数字技术是日常生活的一部分。数字交互产生大量数据，这些数据可以揭示个人消费者的健康信息（数字健康足迹）。目的描述与数字技术相关的健康隐私挑战。设计，设置和参与者对于这项定性研究，在2018年1月1日至7月31日期间，对来自美国不同领域的26位关键专家进行了深入，半结构化，定性访谈。使用开放式问题和假设情景来确定有助于消费者健康相关数字足迹和健康隐私挑战的数字信息来源。参与者还完成了一项调查工具，他们对数字数据源的健康相关性进行了评估。基于对专家访谈的定性答复，与数字技术相关的卫生政策挑战。虽然专家对数字数据源的评级表明健康和非健康数据之间可能存在差异，但定性访谈一致表明，所有数据都可以是健康数据，特别是在跨来源和时间汇总时。数字健康足迹的五个关键特征与健康隐私政策挑战相关：隐形（人们不知道他们的数据是如何被跟踪的），不准确（数字健康足迹中的数据可能不准确），（数据没有截止日期，并随着时间的推移进行汇总），适销性（数据具有巨大的商业价值，经常被买卖）和可识别性（个人可以很容易地重新识别，匿名几乎不可能实现）。在美国，几乎没有监管结构来保护数字健康足迹背景下的健康隐私。结论和相关性研究结果表明，在美国，针对特定行业的数字技术隐私保护方法可能与健康隐私保护不足有关。这项定性研究评估了数字技术与卫生政策和隐私的新挑战之间的关联。
Question What challenges for health privacy are associated with digital technology? Findings In this qualitative study, 5 key challenges for health privacy were associated with digital technology: invisibility (people unaware of how they are tracked), inaccuracy (flawed data), immortality (data never expire), marketability (data are frequently bought and sold), and identifiability (individuals can be readily reidentified). Meaning The findings suggest that a sector-specific approach to digital technology privacy in the US may be associated with inadequate health privacy protections.Importance Digital technology is part of everyday life. Digital interactions generate large amounts of data that can reveal information about the health of individual consumers (the digital health footprint). Objective tau o describe health privacy challenges associated with digital technology. Design, Setting, and Participants For this qualitative study, In-depth, semistructured, qualitative interviews were conducted with 26 key experts from diverse fields in the US between January 1 and July 31, 2018. Open-ended questions and hypothetical scenarios were used to identify sources of digital information that contribute to consumers' health-relevant digital footprints and challenges for health privacy. Participants also completed a survey instrument on which they rated the health relatedness of digital data sources. Main Outcomes and Measures Health policy challenges associated with digital technology based on qualitative responses to expert interviews. Results Although experts' ratings of digital data sources suggested a possible distinction between health and nonhealth data, qualitative interviews uniformly indicated that all data can be health data, particularly when aggregated across sources and time. Five key characteristics of the digital health footprint were associated with health privacy policy challenges: invisibility (people are unaware of how their data are tracked), inaccuracy (data in the digital health footprint can be inaccurate), immortality (data have no expiration date and are aggregated over time), marketability (data have immense commercial value and are frequently bought and sold), and identifiability (individuals can be readily reidentified and anonymity is nearly impossible to achieve). There are virtually no regulatory structures in the US to protect health privacy in the context of the digital health footprint. Conclusions and Relevance The findings suggest that a sector-specific approach to digital technology privacy in the US may be associated with inadequate health privacy protections.This qualitative study assesses the association between digital technology and emerging challenges for health policy and privacy.