Summer ammonia measurements in a densely populated Mediterranean city
Summer ammonia measurements in a densely populated Mediterranean city
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DOI：
10.5194/acp-12-7557-2012
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发表时间：
2012-08
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
M. Pandolfi;F. Amato;C. Reche;A. Alastuey;R. Otjes;M. Blom;X. Querol
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Pandolfi;F. Amato;C. Reche;A. Alastuey;R. Otjes;M. Blom;X. Querol
2011年5月至9月期间，在巴塞罗那（西班牙东北部）对气相氨（NH3）的环境浓度进行了实时测量。选择了两个测量点：一个在城市背景交通影响区（UB），另一个在历史悠久的市中心（CC）。在CC时NH3水平较高（5.6±2.1 μ g？3或7.5±2.8 ppbv）与UB（2.2±1.0 μgm？3或2.9±1.3 ppbv）。这种差异归因于非交通来源的贡献，如废物容器，污水系统，人类和开放市场在人口稠密的历史市中心更密集。在夏季高温下，这些来源有可能增加环境中的NH3水平远高于城市背景交通影响UB测量站。测量被用来评估主要的本地排放，汇和NH3的日变化。NH3的测量水平，特别是在老城区高，可能有助于高的平均年浓度的二次硫酸盐和硝酸盐在巴塞罗那测量相比，在西班牙的其他城市受高交通强度。在测量活动期间进行了辅助测量，包括PM10，PM2.5，PM 1水平（空气动力学直径小于10 μm，2.5 μm和1 μm的颗粒物），气体和黑碳浓度以及气象数据。对活动期间特定时期（3个特殊情况）的分析表明，道路交通是NH3的重要来源。然而，与CC相比，它的影响在UB更为明显，因为考虑到老城区测量到的非交通来源的NH3水平很高，CC被掩盖了。SO2之间的关系？4日浓度和气态氨（NH3/（NH3 +NH+4））的变化表明，气相-颗粒相分配（挥发或铵盐形成）对巴塞罗那夏季NH3浓度的演变也起着重要作用。© 2012作者。CC署名3.0许可证。
Real-time measurements of ambient concentrations of gas-phase ammonia (NH3) were performed in Barcelona (NE Spain) in summer between May and September 2011. Two measurement sites were selected: one in an urban background traffic-influenced area (UB) and the other in the historical city centre (CC). Levels of NH3 were higher at CC (5.6±2.1 μgm?3 or 7.5±2.8 ppbv) compared with UB (2.2±1.0 μgm?3 or 2.9±1.3 ppbv). This difference is attributed to the contribution from non-traffic sources such as waste containers, sewage systems, humans and open markets more dense in the densely populated historical city centre. Under high temperatures in summer these sources had the potential to increase the ambient levels of NH3 well above the urban-background-traffic-influenced UB measurement station. Measurements were used to assess major local emissions, sinks and diurnal evolution of NH3. The measured levels of NH3, especially high in the old city, may contribute to the high mean annual concentrations of secondary sulfate and nitrate measured in Barcelona compared with other cities in Spain affected by high traffic intensity. Ancillary measurements, including PM10, PM2.5, PM1 levels (Particulate Matter with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 μm, 2.5 μm, and 1 μm), gases and black carbon concentrations and meteorological data, were performed during the measurement campaign. The analysis of specific periods (3 special cases) during the campaign revealed that road traffic was a significant source of NH3. However, its effect was more evident at UB compared with CC where it was masked given the high levels of NH3 from non-traffic sources measured in the old city. The relationship between SO2? 4 daily concentrations and gas-fraction ammonia (NH3/(NH3 +NH+4 )) revealed that the gas-to-particle phase partitioning (volatilization or ammonium salts formation) also played an important role in the evolution of NH3 concentration in summer in Barcelona. © 2012 Author(s). CC Attribution 3.0 License.