Robustness of supply chain networks against underload cascading failures
Robustness of supply chain networks against underload cascading failures
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DOI：
10.1016/j.physa.2020.125466
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发表时间：
2021-02-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Gruenbacher, Don M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yang, Qihui;Scoglio, Caterina M.;Gruenbacher, Don M.
在当今的全球经济中，由于战略外包的需要，供应链（SC）实体与需求和供应关系的相互联系越来越紧密。公司之间的这种相互依赖不仅提高了效率，而且也增加了系统的脆弱性。洪水和运输事故等自然和人为灾害可能使业务中断，并导致经济损失。由于企业之间的相互依赖性，任何破坏的不利影响都可能被放大并在整个系统中传播。研究了SC网络对连锁故障的鲁棒性。考虑到上限和下限载荷约束，即，库存和成本，我们研究了负载下降和负载波动的情况下失败的实体的比例。从合成网络和欧洲供应链网络获得的模拟结果（Cardoso等人，2015）都证实了在实际供应链中经常采用的剩余库存和后备供应商的回收策略，与没有回收过程的系统相比，可以增强系统的鲁棒性。此外，该系统对负载波动的抵抗力相对较强，但对需求冲击的抵抗力较弱。对于欠载驱动的模型没有恢复过程，我们发现一个不连续的相变的发生。与其他系统在过载连锁故障下的研究不同，该系统对幂律分布的鲁棒性比所研究的情况下下界参数的均匀分布的鲁棒性更强。(C)2020 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。
In today's global economy, supply chain (SC) entities have become increasingly interconnected with demand and supply relationships due to the need for strategic outsourcing. Such interdependence among firms not only increases efficiency but also creates more vulnerabilities in the system. Natural and human-made disasters such as floods and transport accidents may halt operations and lead to economic losses. Due to the interdependence among firms, the adverse effects of any disruption can be amplified and spread throughout the systems. This paper aims at studying the robustness of SC networks against cascading failures. Considering the upper and lower bound load constraints, i.e., inventory and cost, we examine the fraction of failed entities under load decrease and load fluctuation scenarios. The simulation results obtained from synthetic networks and a European supply chain network (Cardoso et al., 2015) both confirm that the recovery strategies of surplus inventory and backup suppliers often adopted in actual SCs can enhance the system robustness, compared with the system without the recovery process. In addition, the system is relatively robust against load fluctuations but is more fragile to demand shocks. For the underload-driven model without the recovery process, we found an occurrence of a discontinuous phase transition. Differently from other systems studied under overload cascading failures, this system is more robust for power-law distributions than uniform distributions of the lower bound parameter for the studied scenarios. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.