Restoration as mitigation: analysis of stream mitigation for coal mining impacts in southern Appalachia.
Restoration as mitigation: analysis of stream mitigation for coal mining impacts in southern Appalachia.
复制标题
恢复作为缓解：对阿巴拉契亚南部煤矿开采影响的溪流缓解分析。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
K. Hondula
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Palmer;K. Hondula
补偿性减缓通常用于替代正在丧失或退化的水生自然资源，但对河流减缓的成功知之甚少。本文介绍了一个综合信息434流缓解项目，从117个许可证，在阿巴拉契亚露天采矿。来自年度监测报告的数据表明，对于许多项目，受影响的河流长度与河流缓解项目长度之比<1，大多数缓解措施是针对常年河流实施的，而大多数影响是针对短暂和间歇性河流。评估项目成果的监管要求是最低的;视觉评估是最常见的，97%的项目报告次优或边缘栖息地，即使在5年的监测。只有不到三分之一的项目提供了生物或化学数据;其中大多数项目的生物指数低于国家标准，河流电导率超过联邦水质标准。在提供硒数据的11个项目中，有7个项目报告了已知会损害水生生物的硒水平。总的来说，数据显示，在阿巴拉契亚南部为煤矿开采而实施的缓解措施没有达到《清洁水法》的目标，即取代失去或退化的河流生态系统及其功能。
Compensatory mitigation is commonly used to replace aquatic natural resources being lost or degraded but little is known about the success of stream mitigation. This article presents a synthesis of information about 434 stream mitigation projects from 117 permits for surface mining in Appalachia. Data from annual monitoring reports indicate that the ratio of lengths of stream impacted to lengths of stream mitigation projects were <1 for many projects, and most mitigation was implemented on perennial streams while most impacts were to ephemeral and intermittent streams. Regulatory requirements for assessing project outcome were minimal; visual assessments were the most common and 97% of the projects reported suboptimal or marginal habitat even after 5 years of monitoring. Less than a third of the projects provided biotic or chemical data; most of these were impaired with biotic indices below state standards and stream conductivity exceeding federal water quality criteria. Levels of selenium known to impair aquatic life were reported in 7 of the 11 projects that provided Se data. Overall, the data show that mitigation efforts being implemented in southern Appalachia for coal mining are not meeting the objectives of the Clean Water Act to replace lost or degraded streams ecosystems and their functions.