Carbon Monoxide Content of the Blood and Other Observations on Weddell Seals
Carbon Monoxide Content of the Blood and Other Observations on Weddell Seals
复制标题
威德尔海豹血液中的一氧化碳含量和其他观察结果
作者：
L. Pugh
在最近一项对南极洲斯科特基地男性血液中的一氧化碳含量的研究中，偶然发现威德尔海豹血液中的一氧化碳含量与重度吸烟者血液中的一氧化碳含量相当。由于这一发现似乎具有一定的理论重要性，因此进一步收集样本并分析一氧化碳。从被屠宰以提供狗粮的海豹身上取得血液样本。这些动物要么被射杀，要么被冰镐砍死；血液立即从颈部血管中采集，或者在某些情况下，从伤口本身采集。使用的抗凝剂是肝素。装血的瓶子装在衣袋里以防结冰。这些样本在同一天进行了分析，使用肖兰德和拉夫顿的特殊方法来分析少量的一氧化碳。用同样的方法对静脉血样品进行了人体非吸烟者一氧化碳的测定。在新西兰克赖斯特彻奇对冰冻状态下带回新西兰的血浆标本进行酸碱和电解质测定。获得标本的海豹是一只巨大的雌性海豹，当它躺在斯科特基地附近的冰面上睡觉时，被冰镐杀死。头部受到重击后，这只动物不再呼吸，但心脏继续跳动了大约30分钟。冰镐的尖端刺穿了大脑中线附近，造成大量搏动性出血。两个50毫升。尼龙离心管充满血液，用金属帽封闭，不捕获空气。样品在1小时内离心。然后将等离子体转移到油下的样本瓶中。瓶子被完全装满，螺旋盖被更换，没有捕获气泡。然后把它放在室外冷冻。血浆胆红素是在伦敦对另一种动物标本进行测定的。在这两种样品中都没有发现明显的氢溶解现象。测试结果如表1-4所示。从表1可以看出，威德尔海豹血液样本的一氧化碳含量平均是人类非吸烟者平均值的6倍。事实上，这些结果与通常在重度吸烟者身上发现的数值范围相当，即0-5-1-5 % *。氧容量和hæ红细胞压积值高于正常值，红细胞计数低于正常值，这意味着更大的红细胞含有更多的hæ红细胞红蛋白（表3）。血膜镜检证实红细胞体积大；虽然没有进行测量，但威德尔海豹血液中的红细胞被判定为9-10。在直径上，值为7。被假定为与人类红细胞进行比较。氧容量和hæ matcrit结果与相关物种的报道值相似。另一方面，红细胞计数低于哈里森和汤姆林森的结果（每立方4-7-8-5百万）。毫米)。
URING a recent study of blood carbon monoxide levels in men living at Scott Base, Antarctica, it was found by chance that the blood of a Weddell seal contained as much carbon monoxide as the blood of men who are heavy smokers. As this finding appeared to be of some theoretical importance, further samples were collected and analysed for carbon monoxide.Blood samples were obtained from seals which were being slaughtered to provide dog food. The animals were either shot or killed by a blow on the head with an ice-axe; blood was collected immedi-ately from the neck vessel, or, in some cases, from the wound itself. The anticoagulant used was heparin. The bottles containing the blood were carried in the pocket to prevent freezing. The samples were analysed on the same day, using the special method of Scholander and Roughton* for small quantities of carbon monoxide. Determinations of carbon monoxide on human non-smokers were carried out by the same method on samples of venous blood. Acid-base and electrolyte determinations were made in Christchurch, New Zealand, on a specimen of plasma brought back to New Zealand in the frozen state. The seal from which the specimen was obtained was a large female which was killed with an ice-axe as it lay asleep on the ice near Scott Base. The animal did not breathe again after the blow on the head, but the heart went on beating for about 30 min. The point of the ice-axe penetrated the brain near the mid-line, causing profuse pulsatile hæmorrhage. Two 50-ml. nylon centrifuge tubes were filled with blood and closed with metal caps without trapping air. The samples were centrifuged within, hr. and the plasma transferred to a specimen bottle under oil. The bottle was filled completely, and the screw cap replaced without trapping air bubbles. It was then placed out of doors to freeze. Plasma bilirubin was determined in London on a specimen from another animal. In neither of these samples was there any visible hæmolysis. The results are shown in Tables 1–4. It can be seen from Table I that the carbon monoxide content of blood samples taken from Weddell seals was on the average six times as high as the mean value for human non-smokers. The results are, in fact, comparable with the range of values usually found in persons who are heavy smokers, which is 0-5–1-5 per cent*.*. The oxygen capacity and hæmatocrit values were higher and the red-cell counts lower than normal values for man, implying larger red cells containing more hæmoglobin (Table 3). The large size of the red cells was confirmed by microscopic examination of blood films; although no measurements were made, the red cells of blood from Weddell seals were judged to be 9–10. in diameter, a value of 7. being assumed for the human red cells with which comparison was made. The oxygen capacity and hæmatocrit results were similar to values reported on related species of sealº-7. The red cell counts, on the other hand, were lower than the results of Harrison and Tomlinson* on Phoca vitulina pups (4-7–8-5 million per cu.. mm.)