Cell-Cycle-Dependent Regulation of Translation: New Interpretations of Old Observations in Light of New Approaches
Cell-Cycle-Dependent Regulation of Translation: New Interpretations of Old Observations in Light of New Approaches
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DOI：
10.1002/bies.201900022
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发表时间：
2019-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Grallert, Beata
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anda, Silje;Grallert, Beata
长期以来的观点认为，整体翻译在细胞周期中是不同的，在有丝分裂中比在其他细胞周期阶段低得多。然而，文献中的核心论文对有丝分裂的下调程度并不一致，从急剧下降到仅轻微下降不等。本文认为，这种差异源于技术上的挑战。细胞周期相关的变异最容易在同步细胞中进行研究，但同步方法本身往往会引起应激反应，进而影响翻译速率。此外，有人认为，先前报道的细胞周期相关的全球翻译速率变化在很大程度上反映了对同步方法的反应。最近的研究结果强烈表明，全球翻译率不是以细胞周期依赖的方式调节的。允许全基因组翻译谱分析的新技术表明，与细胞周期转变相关的选择性翻译调控的范围和重要性被低估了。因此，主要的问题是哪些信使rna （mrna）被翻译，而不是全局翻译速率是否降低。
It is a long-standing view that global translation varies during the cell cycle and is much lower in mitosis than in other cell-cycle phases. However, the central papers in the literature are not in agreement about the extent of downregulation in mitosis, ranging from a dramatic decrease to only a marginal reduction. Herein, it is argued that the discrepancy derives from technical challenges. Cell-cycle-dependent variations are most conveniently studied in synchronized cells, but the synchronization methods by themselves often evoke stress responses that, in turn, affect translation rates. Further, it is argued that previously reported cell-cycle-dependent changes in the global translation rate to a large extent reflect responses to the synchronization methods. Recent findings strongly suggest that the global translation rate is not regulated in a cell-cycle-dependent manner. Novel techniques allowing a genome-wide analysis of translational profiles suggest that the extent and importance of selective translational regulation associated with cell-cycle transitions have been underestimated. Therefore, the main question is which messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are translated, rather than whether the global translation rate is decreased.