Contribution of human prefrontal cortex to delay performance
Contribution of human prefrontal cortex to delay performance
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DOI：
10.1162/089892998562636
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发表时间：
1998-03-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Knight, RT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chao, LL;Knight, RT
背外侧前额叶皮层有局灶性病变的神经病患者和年龄匹配的对照受试者接受了使用环境声音的延迟样本匹配任务的听觉版本的测试。受试者必须指出提示（S1）和随后的目标声音（S2）是否相同。在一些试验中，S1 和 S2 之间有 5 秒的静默期。在其他试验中，S1 和 S2 之间的 5 秒延迟充满了不相关的音调，这些音调充当了干扰因素。在行为上，额叶患者因干扰物的存在而受到损害。从电生理学角度来看，患者对音调产生增强的初级听觉皮层诱发反应，支持前额叶损伤后感觉处理的抑制控制失败。在前额叶患者中还观察到听觉关联皮层中产生的半球内神经活动减少以及与注意力相关的额叶活动的半球内额外减少。总之，这些发现表明，背外侧前额叶皮层对于控制分散注意力的信息以及在听觉工作记忆期间维持分布的半球内神经活动至关重要。
Neurological patients with focal lesions in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and age-matched control subjects were tested on an auditory version of the delayed-match-to-sample task employing environmental sounds. Subjects had to indicate whether a cue (S1) and a subsequent target sound (S2) were identical. On some trials, S1 and S2 were separated by a silent period of 5 sec. On other trials, the 5-sec delay between S1 and S2 was filled with irrelevant tone pips that served as distractors. Behaviorally, frontal patients were impaired by the presence of distractors. Electrophysiologically, patients generated enhanced primary auditory cortex-evoked responses to the tone pips, supporting a failure in inhibitory control of sensory processing after prefrontal damage. Intrahemispheric reductions of neural activity generated in the auditory association cortex and additional intrahemispheric reductions of attention-related frontal activity were also observed in the prefrontal patients. Together, these findings suggest that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is crucial for gating distracting information as well as maintaining distributed intrahemispheric neural activity during auditory working memory.