Individual differences in behavioral tolerance to amphetamine and the economic context of reinforcement loss.
Individual differences in behavioral tolerance to amphetamine and the economic context of reinforcement loss.
复制标题
对安非他明行为耐受性的个体差异以及强化损失的经济背景。
DOI：
10.1097/00008877-199905000-00003
复制
发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Lancaster,JS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dallery,J;Lancaster,JS
经济环境（即富裕与贫困的环境）影响许多药物引起的现象。本研究旨在探讨是否有经验的经济背景下的操作性反应与程度的耐受安非他明的行为影响。八只大鼠杠杆下的多个时间表，包括几个可变的间隔时间表（8，17，55，150，和250秒）的食物强化。安非他明首先急性给药（0.2，0.8，1.6和3.2毫克/公斤），然后慢性（剂量为每个主题）超过30个连续的会议。在急性治疗方案期间还进行了基线盐水注射。Herrnstein的单选择匹配方程很好地描述了所有条件下大鼠的反应率数据。Herrnstein方程（RE）中的一个参数，已被证明是随着实验安排的上下文强化而变化的，被用作基线条件下每个受试者的经验经济背景的指数。r e值的差异预示着耐受程度的个体差异。在大多数可变间隔（VI）计划下，当所有计划汇总时，如果基线背景被认为是丰富的，则累积的耐受性较小，如果基线背景被认为是贫乏的，则累积的耐受性较大。就强化损失假说而言，结果表明，耐受性并不是由强化损失本身决定的，而是由动物相对于操作性任务所嵌入的经济背景的损失程度决定的。© 1999 Lippincott威廉姆斯和威尔金斯。
The economic context (ie an enriched vs impoverished environment) affects many drug-induced phenomena. The present study examined whether the ‘experienced’economic context of operant responding was associated with the degree of tolerance to the behavioral effects of amphetamine. Eight rats lever pressed for food reinforcement under a multiple schedule consisting of several variable-interval schedules (8, 17, 55, 150, and 250 s). Amphetamine was first administered acutely (0.2, 0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 mg/kg), then chronically (dose tailored for each subject) over 30 consecutive sessions. Baseline saline injections were also administered during the acute regimen. Herrnstein's single-alternative matching equation described the rats' response rate data well under all conditions. A parameter in Herrnstein's equation (r e), which has been shown to vary with experimentally-arranged contextual reinforcement, was used as the index of the experienced economic context for each subject under baseline conditions. Differences in the value ofr e predicted individual differences in the degree of tolerance. Under most variable-interval (VI) schedules, and when all schedules were aggregated, less tolerance accrued if the baseline context was experienced as enriched, and more tolerance accrued if the baseline context was experienced as impoverished. In terms of the reinforcement loss hypothesis, the results suggest that tolerance was not determined by reinforcement lossper se, but by how much the animal lost relative to the economic context in which the operant task was embedded.© 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.