Anaerobic Microbial Degradation of Hydrocarbons: From Enzymatic Reactions to the Environment
Anaerobic Microbial Degradation of Hydrocarbons: From Enzymatic Reactions to the Environment
复制标题
DOI：
10.1159/000443997
复制
发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Wilkes, Heinz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rabus, Ralf;Boll, Matthias;Wilkes, Heinz
碳氢化合物在缺氧环境中含量丰富，对微生物的厌氧降解提出了生物化学挑战。在1319号优先方案的框架内，由德国研究共同体资助的关于碳氢化合物厌氧微生物降解的研究包括分离和富集迄今未知的碳氢化合物降解厌氧微生物、发现新的反应、详细研究酶的机制和结构以及以过程为导向的原位研究。本概要中收集了该计划的精选亮点，并通过对“碳氢化合物的厌氧生物降解”专题问题的主题集中评论提供了更详细的信息[本期，第100页]。1-244]。该计划的跨学科性质，涉及微生物学家，生物化学家，有机化学家和环境科学家，最好的例证是对烷基/芳基烷基琥珀酸脱氢酶的研究。本论文的研究内容包括：对典型的甲苯激活的苄基琥珀酸合成酶的深入机理研究，烷基/芳基烷基琥珀酸合成酶的底物特异性系统发育聚类，（甲苯加二甲苯、对异丙基甲苯、对甲酚、2-甲基萘、正烷烃），正构烷烃活化立体化学和共代谢研究（甲基烷基）琥珀酸酯酶的发现，以前未知的细菌群体具有烷基-/芳基烷基琥珀酸脱氢酶的功能基因标记和原位实地研究，使最先进的稳定同位素探测和分馏方法。其他主题是Mo-辅因子依赖性的脱氢酶进行烃和烷基侧链的O-2非依赖性羟基化（对甲基异丙基苯、胆固醇、正十六烷）、对烷基化苯甲酸酯和甲苯的降解、带有甘氨酰自由基的4-羟基苯乙酸脱羧酶、新型羧化反应（对于苯乙酮、丙酮，以及可能还有苯和萘），用于苯甲酰-CoA的还原脱芳构化的含W-辅因子的酶（II类苯甲酰基-CoA还原酶）并将水添加到乙炔中，由苯甲酸酯发酵形成环己烷羧酸，和烃类的产甲烷降解。(C)2016 S. Karger AG，巴塞尔
Hydrocarbons are abundant in anoxic environments and pose biochemical challenges to their anaerobic degradation by microorganisms. Within the framework of the Priority Program 1319, investigations funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft on the anaerobic microbial degradation of hydrocarbons ranged from isolation and enrichment of hitherto unknown hydrocarbon-degrading anaerobic microorganisms, discovery of novel reactions, detailed studies of enzyme mechanisms and structures to process-oriented in situ studies. Selected highlights from this program are collected in this synopsis, with more detailed information provided by theme-focused reviews of the special topic issue on 'Anaerobic biodegradation of hydrocarbons' [this issue, pp. 1-244]. The interdisciplinary character of the program, involving microbiologists, biochemists, organic chemists and environmental scientists, is best exemplified by the studies on alkyl-/arylalkylsuccinate synthases. Here, research topics ranged from in-depth mechanistic studies of archetypical toluene-activating benzylsuccinate synthase, substrate-specific phylogenetic clustering of alkyl-/arylalkylsuccinate synthases (toluene plus xylenes, p-cymene, p-cresol, 2-methylnaphthalene, n-alkanes), stereochemical and co-metabolic insights into n-alkane-activating (methylalkyl) succinate synthases to the discovery of bacterial groups previously unknown to possess alkyl-/arylalkylsuccinate synthases by means of functional gene markers and in situ field studies enabled by state-of-the-art stable isotope probing and fractionation approaches. Other topics are Mo-cofactor-dependent dehydrogenases performing O-2-independent hydroxylation of hydrocarbons and alkyl side chains (ethylbenzene, p-cymene, cholesterol, n-hexadecane), degradation of p-alkylated benzoates and toluenes, glycyl radical-bearing 4-hydroxyphenylacetate decarboxylase, novel types of carboxylation reactions (for acetophenone, acetone, and potentially also benzene and naphthalene), W-cofactor-containing enzymes for reductive dearomatization of benzoyl-CoA (class II benzoyl-CoA reductase) in obligate anaerobes and addition of water to acetylene, fermentative formation of cyclohexanecarboxylate from benzoate, and methanogenic degradation of hydrocarbons. (C) 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel