How to Conduct a Mini-Ethnographic Case Study: A Guide for Novice Researchers
How to Conduct a Mini-Ethnographic Case Study: A Guide for Novice Researchers
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如何进行小型人种学案例研究：新手研究人员指南
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发表时间：
2017
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通讯作者：
John Medeiros
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作者：
John Medeiros
作者介绍了如何构建一个小型的人种学案例研究设计，并将人种学方法的好处限定在案例研究方案中，这对于时间和资金有限的学生研究人员来说更可行。新手研究人员应该选择一种能够最好地回答研究问题的设计。其次，应选择有助于研究人员达到数据饱和的设计。最后，新手研究人员必须选择能够在合理的时间框架内以最小的成本完成研究的设计。这对学生研究人员来说尤其重要。人们可以混合研究设计，以便能够使用每种设计的最佳效果，同时也可以减轻每种设计的局限性。作者是经验丰富的民族志学者，目前担任学位论文委员会主席，其中一名学生选择了一个微型民族志案例研究设计。关键词：文化，民族志，微型民族志，案例研究设计，三角测量，数据饱和度这项工作的一个最重要的组成部分是研究设计。一个人可以有一个写得很好的问题陈述、概念框架、文献综述和其他小节；然而，正如马歇尔和罗斯曼(2016)所说，研究人员应该选择最有机会回答研究问题的设计。对于一些人来说，现象学研究设计可能是最佳的，因为参与者的性质以及探索其他人的生活经验(马歇尔和罗斯曼，2016)。对于其他人，案例研究设计最好是确定随着时间的推移事件之间的业务联系(Andrade，2009；Baxter&Jack，2008；Yen，2014)。此外，新手研究人员可能会考虑人种志来探索人与人之间的关系的感觉、信仰和意义，因为他们在自己的文化中互动，或者当他们对变化的现象做出反应时(Fields&Kafai，2009)。新手研究人员应该选择一种能够最好地回答研究问题的设计(Fusch&Ness，2015)。其次，应选择有助于研究人员达到数据饱和的设计。最后，研究人员必须选择能够在合理的时间框架内以最小的成本完成研究的设计。这对学生研究人员来说尤其重要。在考虑如何进行研究时，最好记住会对研究产生影响的不同设计。选择一个研究主题远不止是决定一个人想要研究什么。它还必须考虑如何进行这项研究，同时考虑到博士生的任何时间、精力和经济限制。一个适当的研究性研究设计是通向一项写得很好、学术含量很高的博士研究的道路；因此，撰写一份优秀的提案和研究的秘诀就在于此。此外，定性研究范式中使用的方法必须最好地解决研究问题(丹增，2009；马歇尔和罗斯曼，2016)。研究的目的之一是推进这一理论(Imenda，2014)，这可以通过填补空白(Vlok，2012)或确认现有证据(Ayoko&Pekerti，2008)来完成。然后通过详尽的文献回顾、收集证据的实证研究，然后将现有的知识体系与研究结果进行比较来推进理论(Chernyak-Hai&Tziner，2014；Secomb&Smith，2011)。任何研究的总体目的都是：回答研究问题。民族志定性研究人员探索人们如何理解他们的世界。质的研究者试图通过关注意义和洞察力的非数字测量方法来定义和解释不明确的现象(Kakabadse&Steane，2010)。探索性研究设计是为了澄清歧义和发现潜力，如新产品开发(Kurt，Inman，&Argo，2011)以及以后研究的想法。…
The authors present how to construct a mini-ethnographic case study design with the benefit of an ethnographic approach bounded within a case study protocol that is more feasible for a student researcher with limited time and finances. The novice researcher should choose a design that enables one to best answer the research question. Secondly, one should choose the design that assists the researcher in reaching data saturation. Finally, the novice researcher must choose the design in which one can complete the study within a reasonable time frame with minimal cost. This is particularly important for student researchers. One can blend study designs to be able to use the best of each design that can mitigate the limitations of each as well. The authors are experienced ethnographers who currently chair dissertation committees where a student has chosen a mini-ethnographic case study design. Keywords: Culture, Ethnography, Mini-Ethnography, Case Study Design, Triangulation, Data Saturation One of the most important components of the work is the study design. One can have a well written Problem Statement, conceptual framework, Literature Review, and other subsections; however, as Marshall and Rossman (2016) stated, the researcher should choose the design that has the best chance of answering the research questions. For some, a phenomenological study design may be optimal because of the nature of the participants as well as exploring the lived experiences of others (Marshall & Rossman, 2016). For others, a case study design would be best to identify operational links between events over time (Andrade, 2009; Baxter & Jack, 2008; Yin, 2014). Further, novice researchers might consider ethnography to explore the feelings, beliefs, and meanings of relationships between people as they interact within their culture or as they react to others in response to a changing phenomenon (Fields & Kafai, 2009). The novice researcher should choose a design that enables one to best answer the research question (Fusch & Ness, 2015). Secondly, one should choose the design that assists the researcher in reaching data saturation. Finally, the researcher must choose the design in which one can complete the study within a reasonable time frame with minimal cost. This is particularly important for student researchers. As one considers how to conduct the research, it is best to keep in mind the different designs that will have an impact on the research. Selecting a research topic is much more than deciding what one wants to study. It must also consider how one will conduct the study that takes into account any time, energy, and financial constraints for students in a doctoral program. An appropriate research study design is the path to a well-written scholarly rich doctoral study; hence, the secret to writing an excellent proposal and study. Moreover, the methodology used within the qualitative research paradigm must best address the research problem (Denzin, 2009; Marshall & Rossman, 2016). One purpose of a study is to advance the theory (Imenda, 2014), which can be done through either filling a gap (Vlok, 2012) or confirming already existing evidence (Ayoko & Pekerti, 2008). Advancing the theory then accomplished by an exhaustive literature review, an empirical study to gather the evidence, and then comparing the existing body of knowledge to the study results (Chernyak-Hai & Tziner, 2014; Secomb & Smith, 2011). The overall purpose of any study is this: to answer the research question. Ethnography Qualitative researchers explore how people make sense of their world. A qualitative researcher seeks to define and interpret unclear phenomena through non-numerical methods of measurement that focus on meaning and insight (Kakabadse & Steane, 2010). Exploratory research designs are conducted to clarify ambiguity and discover potential such as new product development (Kurt, Inman, & Argo, 2011) as well as ideas for later research. …