American Campaign Techniques Worldwide
American Campaign Techniques Worldwide
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美国的全球竞选技巧
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Fritz Plasser
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fritz Plasser
在以媒体为中心的民主国家中，竞选活动和竞选活动的专业化和国际化进程是本次比较研究的中心议题。直到最近，美国学者才开始研究一种新的权力精英的职业规范和标准：职业政治顾问。自20世纪70年代以来，美国政治咨询业的知名人士一直担任海外顾问。在1980年代，他们集中在拉丁美洲和西欧。自1989年以来，俄罗斯和东欧和中欧的前共产主义国家，以及亚洲和非洲的新民主化国家，已经成为美国海外顾问的竞争市场。1998年至1999年，对美国、澳大利亚、新西兰、印度、南非、拉丁美洲、西欧、俄罗斯和东欧的502名政治顾问和主要政党管理人员进行了调查，了解他们的专业经验和竞选理念，主要关注他们对各种竞选技巧和沟通策略的专业评估。本文从全球的角度论述了美国竞选技巧的市场驱动扩散。
The ongoing process of professionalization and internationalization of electioneering and campaign practices in media-centered democracies is the central topic of this comparative study. Only recently have scholars in the United States begun to study the professional norms and standards of a new power elite: the professional political consultants. Prominent figures of the U.S. political consultancy business have worked as overseas consultants since the 1970s. In the 1980s, they concentrated on Latin America and Western Europe. Since 1989, Russia and the former communist countries of Eastern and Central Europe, as well as newly democratized countries in Asia and Africa, have become competitive marketplaces for American overseas consultants. Between 1998 and 1999, a sample of 502 political consultants and leading party managers in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, India, South Africa, Latin America, Western Europe, Russia, and Eastern Europe were interviewed about their professional experience and their concepts of campaigning, with the main focus on their professional evaluation of various campaign techniques and communication strategies. This article deals with the market-driven proliferation of American campaign techniques from a global perspective.