FUNGAL PARASITISM OF WOODY PLANT ROOTS FROM MYCORRHIZAL RELATIONSHIPS TO PLANT DISEASE
FUNGAL PARASITISM OF WOODY PLANT ROOTS FROM MYCORRHIZAL RELATIONSHIPS TO PLANT DISEASE
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从菌根与植物病害的关系看木本植物根部真菌寄生
DOI：
10.1146/annurev.py.21.090183.001253
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发表时间：
1983
影响因子：
10.2
通讯作者：
H. Wilcox
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Wilcox
病根真菌和菌根真菌的描述和发育研究涉及到自然环境中根系生长和功能的详细知识。极强的病原体或广泛的外生菌根发育的结果，即使是非训练有素的人也能立即察觉到。偶然的专性生物营养菌或弱内生菌根感染的影响甚至可能逃过特殊人士的注意。根系统的变化形式和广泛的分枝通常阻碍了对根生真菌形态发生效应的研究。病理学家把注意力集中在穿透和寄主反应的解剖学方面或显著的生长异常上，而菌根研究人员则集中在菌根结构的特征或对感染程度的定量评估上。这两个学科的研究人员在很大程度上忽视了对根生长和分枝或对正常根解剖结构变化的影响。在从互惠共生到致病的真菌/根联合的连续体中，占据中间位置的生物营养物质常常被植物病原学家和菌根工作者所忽视。这种寄生虫可能不会对寄主生理造成可察觉的干扰，因此被病理学家忽视；因为它们没有生理益处，也没有形成有组织的结构，所以它们也同样被菌根工作者忽视。哈雷(31岁)不鼓励这种考虑
Descriptive and developmental studies of both pathological and mycorrhizal root-infecting fungi involve detailed knowledge of the growth and function of root systems in the natural environment. The results of extremely virulent pathogens or of extensive ectomycorrhizal development are immediately ob vious even to the untrained eye. The effects of casual obligate biotrophs or of weak endomycorrhizal infections may escape observation even by the special ist. The variable form and extensive branching of root systems have often discouraged investigation of the morphogenetic effects of root-inhabiting fun gi. Pathologists have concentrated attention on the anatomical aspects of penetration and host response or on dramatic growth abnormalities, while the mycorrhizal research workers have concentrated on characteristics of mycor rhizal structures or quantitative assessments of the degree of infection. Investi gators in both disciplines have largely ignored the effects on root growth and branching or on alterations of normal root anatomy. Biotrophs that occupy the mid-portion of the continuum of fungus/root association from mutualism to pathosism have often been ignored by both patRologists and mycorrhizal workers. Such parasites may cause no detectable disturbance of host physiolo gy and so are neglected by the pathologist; and because they confer no physiological benefits and form no organized structures, they are similarly ignored by mycorrhizal workers. Harley (31) has discouraged the consideration