Cholesterol transport by the placenta:: Placental liver X receptor activity as a modulator of fetal cholesterol metabolism?
Cholesterol transport by the placenta:: Placental liver X receptor activity as a modulator of fetal cholesterol metabolism?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.placenta.2006.10.009
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发表时间：
2007-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Kuipers, F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Plosch, T.;van Straten, E. M. E.;Kuipers, F.
胆固醇是哺乳动物体内重要的甾醇。胆固醇合成或细胞内途径的缺陷已经在子宫内具有破坏性后果：Smith-Lemli-Opitz综合征、纤维固醇沉着症和尼曼-匹克C I病提供了由胆固醇代谢基因突变引起的严重人类遗传性疾病的例子。另一方面，血浆胆固醇浓度升高与动脉粥样硬化的发展有关，动脉粥样硬化在西方社会是一种主要的健康风险。此外，一些研究表明，动脉粥样硬化的发展可能已经开始在胎儿期。因此，胆固醇代谢的仔细平衡调节对于胎儿的发育和成人的健康都至关重要。在成人中，肝脏X受体是胆固醇代谢的关键调节因子。其靶基因调节细胞胆固醇流出，从而调节全身胆固醇流量。LXR及其几个靶基因最近被证明在胎盘中表达，这将提供一种控制母体胆固醇向胎儿输送的方法。在这里，我们讨论了胎盘在调节胎儿胆固醇稳态和影响母胎胆固醇转移的策略中的潜在作用。(C)2006爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Cholesterol is an important sterol in mammals. Defects in cholesterol synthesis or intracellular routing have devastating consequences already in utero: the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, desmosterolosis and Niemann-Pick C I disease provide examples of severe human inherited diseases caused by mutations in cholesterol metabolism genes. On the other hand, elevated plasma cholesterol concentrations are associated with the development of atherosclerosis which represents a major health risk in Western societies. Moreover, several studies indicate that development of atherosclerosis may already start during fetal life. Hence, a carefully balanced regulation of cholesterol metabolism appears of critical importance for both the development of the fetus and health of the adult. In the adult, the liver X receptor is a key regulator of cholesterol metabolism. Its target genes regulate cellular cholesterol efflux and thereby modulate whole-body cholesterol fluxes. LXR and several of its target genes have recently been demonstrated to be expressed in the placenta, which would provide a means to control delivery of maternal cholesterol to the fetus. Here we discuss the potential role of the placenta in the regulation of fetal cholesterol homeostasis and strategies to influence maternal-fetal cholesterol transfer. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.