Responsible Robotics and Responsibility Attribution
Responsible Robotics and Responsibility Attribution
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负责任的机器人技术和责任归属
DOI：
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
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通讯作者：
A. Wynsberghe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Wynsberghe
本文强调人类责任的中心地位，作为制定明确的机器人政策和法规的必要基础；责任不在于机器人的硬件或软件，而在于机器背后的人类——那些研究和开发机器人的人。简而言之，我们需要负责任的机器人。负责任的机器人技术是最近“流行”的一个术语，但对负责任的机器人技术含义的理解仍在发展中。鉴于开发的复杂性（即涉及很多人）和机器人开发的新颖性（即很少设立监管委员会来确保问责制），有必要建立程序来分配参与机器人开发和实施的参与者之间的未来责任。墨菲和伍德提出的负责任机器人的三个替代定律对讨论做出了巨大贡献；然而，他们重复了阿西莫夫提出的困难，即一般的法律，无论是针对机器人的还是针对机器人专家的，在付诸实践时都是不完整的。这里的建议是将负责任的机器人技术的三个替代法则扩展到一个更强大的责任归属框架中，作为负责任的机器人技术目标的一部分。该框架需要明确各种因素：机器人的类型、机器人的发展阶段、预期的使用领域以及机器人的获取方式。考虑到这一点，我们必须仔细考虑相关道德问题的范围，并确定所述行为者的责任类型。
This paper stresses the centrality of human responsibility as the necessary foundation for establishing clear robotics policies and regulations; responsibility not on the part of a robot’s hardware or software, but on the part of the humans behind the machines—those researching and developing robotics. Simply put, we need responsible robotics. Responsible robotics is a term that has recently ‘come into vogue’, yet an understanding of what responsible robotics means is still in development. In light of both the complexity of development (i.e. the many hands involved) and the newness of robot development (i.e. few regulatory boards established to ensure accountability), there is a need to establish procedures to assign future responsibilities among the actors involved in a robot’s development and implementation. The three alternative laws of responsible robotics by Murphy and Wood play a formidable contribution to the discussion; however, they repeat the difficulty that Asimov introduced, that is, laws in general, whether they are for the robot or for the roboticist, are incomplete when put into practice. The proposal here is to extend the three alternative laws of responsible robotics into a more robust framework for responsibility attribution as part of the responsible robotics goal. This framework requires making explicit various factors: the type of robot, the stage of robot development, the intended sector of use, and the manner of robot acquisition. With this in mind, one must carefully consider the scope of the ethical issue in question and determine the kind of responsibility attributed to said actor(s).