PENGUIN SWIMMING .1. HYDRODYNAMICS
PENGUIN SWIMMING .1. HYDRODYNAMICS
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DOI：
10.1086/physzool.61.4.30161251
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发表时间：
1988-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
HUI, CA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HUI, CA
通过拖曳无翼尸体的铸件来确定作用在洪堡企鹅（Spheniscus humboldti）身上的拖曳力（寄生虫）。在表面DP-SUR上= 2.27 UO2.55（DP-SUR =寄生虫在表面上拖动，N; UO =拖曳速度，M S-1）和淹没的DPM-SUB = 1.48 UO2.0（DPM-SUB =寄生虫=寄生虫拖动式型号）。最小阻力系数，1.1。时间。 10-2，近似活的通心粉企鹅（Eudyptes Chrysolophus）的近似值，但高于具有相同直径的流线型形式：长度比。使用淹没的游泳洪堡企鹅的高速膜分析了翼展。翼数据和寄生虫数据用于计算游泳企鹅的升力，推力和阻力力。使用刀片元素分析（需要在企鹅翼模型上进行风洞测试）和提升表面理论计算翼链推力。刀片元素分析给出了更合理的结果，用于后续计算。翅膀的总推力（TT）等于洪堡游泳的总阻力（DT），并且与DT = TT = 2.68 UB2.0的游泳速度（UB）具有估计的关系关系。
Drag forces acting on the body (parasite drag) of a Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) were determined by towing a cast of a wingless carcass. On the surface Dp-sur=2.27 Uo2.55(Dp-sur=parasite drag on the surface, N; Uo=towing speed, m s-1) and submerged Dpm-sub=1.48 Uo2.0 (Dpm-sub=parasite drag for submerged model). The minimum drag coefficient, 1.1 .times. 10-2, approximates that of a live macaroni penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus) but is higher than that of a streamlined form with the same diameter:length ratio. The wingbeat was analyzed using high-speed film of submerged swimming Humboldt penguins. Wing data and parasite-drag data were used to compute the lift, thrust, and drag forces of a swimming penguin. Wingbeat thrust was computed using both blade element analysis (which required wind tunnel tests on penguin wing models) and lifting surface theory. Blade element analysis gave remarkably more reasonable results, which were used for subsequent computations. Total thrust (TT) from the wings is equivalent to total drag (DT) of a Humboldt swimming submerged and has the estimated relationship to swimming speed (Ub) of DT = TT=2.68 Ub2.0.