Ontogenetic Differences in Dietary Fat Influence Microbiota Assembly in the Zebrafish Gut.
Ontogenetic Differences in Dietary Fat Influence Microbiota Assembly in the Zebrafish Gut.
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DOI：
10.1128/mbio.00687-15
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发表时间：
2015-09-29
期刊：
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Rawls JF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wong S;Stephens WZ;Burns AR;Stagaman K;David LA;Bohannan BJ;Guillemin K;Rawls JF
肠道微生物群影响其动物宿主的发育和生理，这些影响部分取决于这些微生物群落的组成。肠道微生物群的组成可能会受到环境中微生物的引入，发育期间肠道栖息地的变化以及急性饮食改变的影响。然而，关于肠道和环境微生物之间的关系，或者关于宿主发育和发育期间的饮食差异如何影响肠道微生物群的组装，人们知之甚少。我们试图用斑马鱼来探索这些关系，这是一个理想的模型，因为它们总是沉浸在一个确定的环境中，并且可以终生喂食相同的饮食。我们在高脂肪、对照或低脂饮食饲养的斑马鱼中进行了一项横断面研究，并使用细菌16S rRNA基因测序来调查不同发育年龄肠道和外部环境中的微生物群落。肠道和环境微生物群组成迅速分化后开始喂养，并成为越来越不同的斑马鱼生长条件下的恒定饮食。不同的膳食脂肪水平与不同年龄的肠道微生物群组成有关。除了个别细菌类群的改变，我们确定了推定的组合的细菌谱系，共变丰富的年龄，饮食和位置的函数。这些结果揭示了个体发育过程中膳食脂肪水平与肠道和周围环境中微生物群落之间的动态关系。肠道微生物群影响宿主健康的能力部分取决于其组成。然而，人们对肠道和环境微生物之间的关系或膳食脂肪的个体发育差异如何影响肠道微生物群组成知之甚少。我们使用斑马鱼来解决这些知识上的差距，斑马鱼是一种理想的模式生物，因为它们的环境可以被彻底采样，并且它们可以在整个生命中被喂食相同的饮食。我们发现，肠道中的微生物群落随着斑马鱼在恒定饮食条件下的衰老而变化，并且与周围环境中的微生物群落越来越不同。此外，我们观察到饮食中的脂肪量对肠道群落组装有明显的年龄特异性影响。这些结果揭示了肠道内微生物群落与周围环境中微生物群落之间的复杂关系，并表明这些关系在动物宿主的整个生命周期中由膳食脂肪形成。
Gut microbiota influence the development and physiology of their animal hosts, and these effects are determined in part by the composition of these microbial communities. Gut microbiota composition can be affected by introduction of microbes from the environment, changes in the gut habitat during development, and acute dietary alterations. However, little is known about the relationship between gut and environmental microbiotas or about how host development and dietary differences during development impact the assembly of gut microbiota. We sought to explore these relationships using zebrafish, an ideal model because they are constantly immersed in a defined environment and can be fed the same diet for their entire lives. We conducted a cross-sectional study in zebrafish raised on a high-fat, control, or low-fat diet and used bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing to survey microbial communities in the gut and external environment at different developmental ages. Gut and environmental microbiota compositions rapidly diverged following the initiation of feeding and became increasingly different as zebrafish grew under conditions of a constant diet. Different dietary fat levels were associated with distinct gut microbiota compositions at different ages. In addition to alterations in individual bacterial taxa, we identified putative assemblages of bacterial lineages that covaried in abundance as a function of age, diet, and location. These results reveal dynamic relationships between dietary fat levels and the microbial communities residing in the intestine and the surrounding environment during ontogenesis. The ability of gut microbiota to influence host health is determined in part by their composition. However, little is known about the relationship between gut and environmental microbiotas or about how ontogenetic differences in dietary fat impact gut microbiota composition. We addressed these gaps in knowledge using zebrafish, an ideal model organism because their environment can be thoroughly sampled and they can be fed the same diet for their entire lives. We found that microbial communities in the gut changed as zebrafish aged under conditions of a constant diet and became increasingly different from microbial communities in their surrounding environment. Further, we observed that the amount of fat in the diet had distinct age-specific effects on gut community assembly. These results reveal the complex relationships between microbial communities residing in the intestine and those in the surrounding environment and show that these relationships are shaped by dietary fat throughout the life of animal hosts.