Quantifying the anthropogenic and climatic impacts on water discharge and sediment load in the Pearl River (Zhujiang), China (1954–2009)
Quantifying the anthropogenic and climatic impacts on water discharge and sediment load in the Pearl River (Zhujiang), China (1954–2009)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.05.064
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发表时间：
2012-07
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
C. S. Wu;Shi-lun Yang;Y. Lei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. S. Wu;Shi-lun Yang;Y. Lei
研究了人为和气候对珠江流域排水量和输沙量变化的影响。在1954 ~ 1983年、1984 ~ 1993年和1994 ~ 2009年分别表现为增增期、波动期和递减期。1954 ~ 1983年，排水量和输沙量分别增加了18%和32%。在1984 ~ 1993年的波浪期，径流量和输沙量均出现了明显的上升，随后径流量又突然反弹。从1994年到2009年，水和泥沙分别减少了32%和83%。这些趋势总体上与降水变化一致，表明气候对年代际时间尺度的影响，尽管泥沙负荷的变化也与人类活动有关。人类对泥沙负荷的影响也可以划分为三个主要阶段。在20世纪50 - 70年代，流域的森林砍伐被大坝建设平衡，导致泥沙负荷没有显著的净变化。然而，在20世纪80年代，森林砍伐的影响超过了大坝建设，导致泥沙负荷增加。20世纪90年代以来，大坝建设和水土保持使泥沙负荷迅速下降，且坝后期月泥沙负荷低于坝前期。自2006年龙滩坝和百色坝关闭以来，珠江的泥沙负荷相对于20世纪50年代至80年代的水平下降了约70%。在这一变化中，约90%是由大坝建设引起的，约10%是由气候变化引起的。在未来的几十年里，随着新的水坝在流域内的建设，珠江的泥沙负荷可能会继续减少。
Anthropogenic and climate influences on temporal changes in water discharge and sediment load were examined in the Pearl River in China. Increasing, undulating, and decreasing phases were found in the years 1954–1983, 1984–1993, and 1994–2009, respectively. Between 1954 and 1983, water discharge and sediment load increased by 18% and 32%, respectively. During an undulating phase between 1984 and 1993, a marked up in water discharge and sediment load was followed by suddenly rebounded discharge. From 1994 to 2009, water and sediment decreased by 32% and 83%, respectively. These trends were generally in agreement with changes in precipitation, suggesting climatic influences on a decadal timescale, although the changes in sediment load were also related to human activities. Human impact on sediment load can also be identified as three major phases. In the 1950–1970s, deforestation in the catchment was balanced by dam construction, resulting in no significant net change in sediment load. In the 1980s, however, the influence of the deforestation outweighed dam construction, resulting in an increase in sediment load. Since the 1990s, dam construction and soil preservation have decreased sediment load quickly, and the monthly sediment loads were lower in post-dams period than in the pre-dams period. Since the closure of the Longtan and Baise Dams in 2006, the sediment load in the Pearl River has decreased by ∼70% relative to the level of the 1950–1980s. Of this change, ∼90% was caused by dam construction and ∼10% was due to by climate change. In the coming decades, the sediment load in the Pearl River will probably continue to decrease as the new dams are built within the watershed.