A molecular description of cellulose biosynthesis.
A molecular description of cellulose biosynthesis.
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-033930
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Zimmer J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McNamara JT;Morgan JL;Zimmer J
纤维素是地球上最丰富的生物聚合物，从细菌到植物和动物的某些生物合成纤维素作为细胞外聚合物，具有各种生物功能。几千年来，人类一直使用纤维素作为一种材料和能源，木质纤维素燃料工业的出现将使其成为蓬勃发展的可再生能源部门的主要碳源。尽管纤维素具有重要的生物学和社会意义，但其合成的分子机制现在才刚刚开始出现。基于近年来在细菌纤维素合酶结构和分子生物学方面的最新进展，本文综述了这些酶如何聚合葡萄糖分子、新生聚合物如何在质膜上运输以及在生物膜形成过程中如何调节细菌纤维素的生物合成。此外，我们回顾了纤维素合成酶之间的进化共性和差异，这些合成酶调节了形成的纤维素产物的性质。
Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on Earth, and certain organisms from bacteria to plants and animals synthesize cellulose as an extracellular polymer for various biological functions. Humans have used cellulose for millennia as a material and an energy source, and the advent of a lignocellulosic fuel industry will elevate it to the primary carbon source for the burgeoning renewable energy sector. Despite the biological and societal importance of cellulose, the molecular mechanism by which it is synthesized is now only beginning to emerge. On the basis of recent advances in structural and molecular biology on bacterial cellulose synthases, we review emerging concepts of how the enzymes polymerize glucose molecules, how the nascent polymer is transported across the plasma membrane, and how bacterial cellulose biosynthesis is regulated during biofilm formation. Additionally, we review evolutionary commonalities and differences between cellulose synthases that modulate the nature of the cellulose product formed.