Cannabis Epidemiology: A Selective Review.
Cannabis Epidemiology: A Selective Review.
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DOI：
10.2174/1381612822666160813214023
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发表时间：
2017-01-04
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Alshaarawy O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anthony JC;Lopez-Quintero C;Alshaarawy O
在全球范围内，国际管制药物中使用最广泛的化合物是大麻。审查大麻流行病学研究的证据，按该领域的五个主要标题组织：数量、地点、原因、机制和预防/控制。该综述涵盖了来自标准化人口调查，官方统计数据和政府报告的证据，以及截至2016年7月通过MEDLINE，Web of Science和Google Scholar确定的已发表文章和书籍。在数量方面，估计有3%至5%的世界人口被认为尝试过大麻产品，最近至少使用过一次，主要是医疗外和处方使用范围之外。在美国的大麻使用者中，大约每7-8人中就有一人从事医用大麻的使用。就地点而言，流行率比例显示各国之间以及各国内各亚组之间存在重大差异。关于开始使用大麻的原因和机制，没有令人信服的综合和可复制的概念模型或理论构想。大多数机制的研究都集中在一个'网关序列'和人与人之间的扩散，最近的一些工作残疾调整寿命年。还简要回顾了大麻使用的后果以及预防和控制战略。目前，我们对大麻使用的频率和发生情况了解很多，但在其他主要问题上，可复制的明确证据太少。鉴于大麻产品的监管环境不断变化，可能需要新的机构，如独立的国际大麻产品安全委员会，提供衡量效益和成本所需的证据。目前尚不清楚政府资助的研究是否足以满足消费者对平衡观点和真正确定证据的需求。
Globally, the most widely used set of compounds among the internationally regulated drugs is cannabis. To review evidence from epidemiological research on cannabis, organized in relation to this field’s five main rubrics: quantity, location, causes, mechanisms, and prevention/control. The review covers a selection of evidence from standardized population surveys, official statistics, and governmental reports, as well as published articles and books identified via MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar as of July 2016. In relation to quantity, an estimated 3% to 5% of the world population is thought to have tried a cannabis product, with at least one fairly recent use, mainly extra-medical and outside boundaries of prescribed use. Among cannabis users in the United States, roughly one in 7–8 has engaged in medical marijuana use. In relation to location, prevalence proportions reveal important variations across countries and between subgroups within countries. Regarding causes and mechanisms of starting to use cannabis, there is no compelling integrative and replicable conceptual model or theoretical formulation. Most studies of mechanisms have focused upon a ‘gateway sequence’ and person-to-person diffusion, with some recent work on disability-adjusted life years. A brief review of cannabis use consequences, as well as prevention and control strategies is also provided. At present, we know much about the frequency and occurrence of cannabis use, with too little replicable definitive evidence with respect to the other main rubrics. Given a changing regulatory environment for cannabis products, new institutions such as an independent International Cannabis Products Safety Commission may be required to produce evidence required to weigh benefits versus costs. It is not clear that government sponsored research will be sufficient to meet consumer demand for balanced points of view and truly definitive evidence.