Mechanisms of change in areal diffusion: New morphology and language contact
Mechanisms of change in areal diffusion: New morphology and language contact
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DOI：
10.1017/s0022226702001937
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发表时间：
2003-03-01
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Aikhenvald, AY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aikhenvald, AY
语言接触中语法范畴的借用或扩散并不是一个统一的过程。在亚马逊流域西北部沃普斯人的语言区，几种不同的机制有助于创造新的接触诱导形态。持续接触的语言属于在遗传上无关的东图卡诺语系和阿拉瓦克语系。对任何形式的借用（语法或词汇）都有强烈的文化抑制。多语言沃普斯语言区的语言接触导致了相似（尽管远非相同）语法结构的发展。在塔里亚纳语（该地区使用的一种阿拉瓦克语）中，当传播涉及重构结构中存在槽位的现有类别（例如格）时，就会对现有类别进行重新分析和重新解释。没有预先存在的槽位的新语法类别可以通过自由语素的语法化而演变——这就是方面和动作标记的开发方式。五术语时态证据范式的发展涉及策略的组合：重新分析和重新解释解释强制性时态标记，以及视觉、推断和报告证据的历史。非视觉证据是通过词汇动词的语法化演变而来的，而最新的假设证据则涉及对方面标记和语法适应的重新分析和重新解释。
Borrowing, or diffusion, of grammatical categories in language contact is not a unitary process. In the linguistic area of the Vaupes in northwest Amazonia, several different mechanisms help create new contact-induced morphology. Languages which are in continuous contact belong to the genetically unrelated East-Tucanoan and Arawak families. There is a strong cultural inhibition against borrowing forms of any sort (Grammatical or lexical). Language contact in the multilingual Vaupes linguistic area has resulted in the development of similar--though far from identical--grammatical structures. In Tariana, an Arawak language spoken in the area, reanalysis and reinterpretation of existing categories takes place when diffusion involves restructuring a pre-existing category for which there is a slot in the structure, such as case. A new grammatical category with no pre-existing slots may evolve via grammaticalization of a free morpheme--this is how aspect and aktionsart marking was developed. The development of a five-term tense-evidentiality paradigm involves a combination of strategies: reanalysis with reinterpretation accounts for the obligatory tense marking, and the history of visual, inferred and reported evidentials. The nonvisual evidential evolved via grammaticalization of a lexical verb while the most recent, assumed, evidential involves reanalysis and reinterpretation of an aspect marker and grammatical accommodation.