Sexual signaling under predation: attractive moths take the greater risks
Sexual signaling under predation: attractive moths take the greater risks
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/beheco/art128
复制
发表时间：
2014-03-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Reinhold, Klaus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cordes, Nils;Engqvist, Leif;Reinhold, Klaus
呼唤配偶对昆虫来说可能是危险的，但这并不能阻止有吸引力的蜡蛾唱歌，即使它们听到蝙蝠的叫声。从理论上讲，长相不好看的男性应该承担更高的风险，因为他们可以失去的东西更少，相反，他们会表现得更谨慎。这种行为差异的一个原因可能是有吸引力的飞蛾很快就耗尽了自己，并试图在他们仍然可以找到伴侣的时候找到伴侣。没有吸引力的蛾类可以等待，个体经常需要权衡冒险行为的代价和可能获得的潜在利益，这种权衡在自然选择和性选择的相互作用中尤其明显，因为吸引配偶的特征也可能吸引捕食者。在较小的蜡蛾Achroia grisella中，超声波性信号伴随着这样的风险，因为呼唤配偶也会吸引捕食性蝙蝠。在这种情况下，有吸引力的男性应该比没有吸引力的男性表现得更加谨慎，因为他们可以期待更多的未来交配机会，因此有更多的损失（所谓的资产保护原则）。与这些预测相反，我们发现，脉冲对率和峰值幅度，2歌曲组件有吸引力的女性，负相关的沉默反应的持续时间时，显示求爱歌曲实验重叠的搜索信号的捕食者，更大的马蹄蝙蝠。因此，更有吸引力的男性比不那么有吸引力的男性更快地重新开始唱歌。虽然这不符合资产保护原则，但我们讨论了三种不同的方式来解释这些不同的行为差异：1）有吸引力的雄性处于更好的状态，因此可以更容易地逃避捕食者，2）有吸引力的信号在减少预期寿命方面是昂贵的，3）冒险本身可能是一种性选择的特征，因此是男性品质的真实信号。
Calling a mate can be dangerous for insects, but that does not stop attractive wax moths from singing even when they hear a bat call. Theoretically, unattractive males should take higher risks because they have less to lose, instead they behave more cautiously. A reason for this difference in behavior could be that attractive moths exhaust themselves quickly and try to find a mate while they still can. Unattractive moths can afford to wait.Individuals often have to balance the costs of risky behavior against the potential benefits they may gain from it. This trade-off is especially obvious in the interplay between natural and sexual selection because traits for mate attraction may attract predators as well. In the lesser wax moth Achroia grisella, ultrasonic sexual signaling comes with such a risk because calling for mates also attracts predatory bats. Attractive males should behave more cautiously than unattractive males under such circumstances, as they can expect more future mating opportunities and therefore have more to lose (the so-called asset protection principle). Contrary to these predictions, we found that pulse pair rate and peak amplitude, 2 song components attractive to females, correlated negatively with the duration of a silence response which is displayed when courtship song is experimentally overlayed with the search signal of a predator, the greater horseshoe bat. More attractive males thus recommence singing sooner than less attractive males. Although this is not in line with the asset protection principle, we discuss 3 different ways in which these distinct behavioral differences might be explained: 1) attractive males are in better condition and thus can more easily evade predators, 2) attractive signals are costly in terms of reduced life expectancy, and 3) risk-taking may in itself be a sexually selected trait and as such act as an honest signal of male quality.