Lipid-based regulators of immunity.
Lipid-based regulators of immunity.
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DOI：
10.1002/btm2.10288
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发表时间：
2022-05
影响因子：
7.4
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中科院分区：
文献类型：
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脂质构成了不同种类的分子调节剂，在维持生命中具有普遍的生理作用。这些富含碳的化合物主要来自外源性来源，可直接用作结构细胞构建块或用作产生信号传导介质以调节细胞行为的底物。在这两种作用中，脂质在免疫激活和抑制中发挥关键作用，分别导致炎症和消退。脂质的简单而优雅的结构特性，包括大小，疏水性和分子量，使独特的生物分布概况，促进在靶组织中的优先积累，以调节相关的免疫细胞亚群。因此，可以利用脂质的结构和功能特性来产生新的材料，作为有效调节免疫系统的药理学试剂。在这里，我们讨论三类脂质的性质：多不饱和脂肪酸，短链脂肪酸和脂质佐剂。我们描述了它们在临床前模型和人体临床试验中调节疾病发病机制的免疫调节功能。最后，我们展望了利用脂质的多样性和有效的免疫调节特性进行免疫调节。
Lipids constitute a diverse class of molecular regulators with ubiquitous physiological roles in sustaining life. These carbon‐rich compounds are primarily sourced from exogenous sources and may be used directly as structural cellular building blocks or as a substrate for generating signaling mediators to regulate cell behavior. In both of these roles, lipids play a key role in both immune activation and suppression, leading to inflammation and resolution, respectively. The simple yet elegant structural properties of lipids encompassing size, hydrophobicity, and molecular weight enable unique biodistribution profiles that facilitate preferential accumulation in target tissues to modulate relevant immune cell subsets. Thus, the structural and functional properties of lipids can be leveraged to generate new materials as pharmacological agents for potently modulating the immune system. Here, we discuss the properties of three classes of lipids: polyunsaturated fatty acids, short‐chain fatty acids, and lipid adjuvants. We describe their immunoregulatory functions in modulating disease pathogenesis in preclinical models and in human clinical trials. We conclude with an outlook on harnessing the diverse and potent immune modulating properties of lipids for immunoregulation.