How well do route survey areas represent landscapes at larger spatial extents? An analysis of land cover composition along Breeding Bird Survey routes
How well do route survey areas represent landscapes at larger spatial extents? An analysis of land cover composition along Breeding Bird Survey routes
复制标题
路线调查区域在更大空间范围内能否很好地呈现景观？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
David J Ziolkowski
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Veech;K. Pardieck;David J Ziolkowski
摘要鸟类在一个调查单元中的出现部分取决于栖息地的存在。此外，一些鸟类物种优先避开某些土地覆被类型，而被其他类型所吸引。因此，土地覆盖组成沿着的400米调查区域的繁殖鸟类调查（BBS）的路线显然会影响物种可检测。理想的情况是，为了将调查结果扩大到更大的景观，调查区域内的土地覆盖组成应与界定景观的更大空间范围内的土地覆盖组成相似。这种代表性有助于最大限度地减少可能的路边效应（偏差），这里定义为与周围更大的景观相比，沿着鸟类物种组成和丰度的差异。我们使用2011年国家土地覆盖数据库的土地覆盖数据来检查沿着路线的土地覆盖组成的代表性。使用ArcGIS，15个土地覆盖类型的每一个在400米缓冲区内沿着2，696美国BBS路线的百分比进行了计算，并比较在2公里，5公里，10公里的缓冲区周围的每一条路线的百分比。这项评估显示，调查区的水生植被类型和高度城市化土地往往略低于代表性。两种人为覆盖类型（牧场/干草和耕地）在调查区可能略多。在所有覆盖类型中，2，696条路线中有92%表现出“良好”的代表性，400 m和10 km缓冲区之间的覆盖比例差异<5个百分点。这一评估进一步支持了之前的研究，表明BBS鸟类数据中基于土地覆盖的路边偏差可能很小。
ABSTRACT The occurrence of birds in a survey unit is partly determined by the habitat present. Moreover, some bird species preferentially avoid some land cover types and are attracted to others. As such, land cover composition within the 400 m survey areas along a Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) route clearly influences the species available to be detected. Ideally, to extend survey results to the larger landscape, land cover composition within the survey area should be similar to that at larger spatial extents defining the landscape. Such representativeness helps minimize possible roadside effects (bias), here defined as differences in bird species composition and abundance along a roadside as compared to a larger surrounding landscape. We used land cover data from the 2011 National Land Cover Database to examine representativeness of land cover composition along routes. Using ArcGIS, the percentages of each of 15 land cover types within 400 m buffers along 2,696 U.S. BBS routes were calculated and compared to percentages in 2 km, 5 km, and 10 km buffers surrounding each route. This assessment revealed that aquatic cover types and highly urbanized land tend to be slightly underrepresented in the survey areas. Two anthropogenic cover types (pasture/hay and cropland) may be slightly overrepresented in the survey areas. Over all cover types, 92% of the 2,696 routes exhibited “good” representativeness, with <5 percentage points per cover type difference in proportional cover between the 400 m and 10 km buffers. This assessment further supports previous research indicating that any land-cover-based roadside bias in the bird data of the BBS is likely minimal.