Sequential activation of premotor, primary somatosensory and primary motor areas in humans during cued finger movements.
Sequential activation of premotor, primary somatosensory and primary motor areas in humans during cued finger movements.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.clinph.2015.01.005
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发表时间：
2015-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ojemann JG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sun H;Blakely TM;Darvas F;Wander JD;Johnson LA;Su DK;Miller KJ;Fetz EE;Ojemann JG
人类的自主运动是中枢神经系统多个感觉、认知和运动区之间复杂相互作用的最终产物。目的是研究手指线索运动时运动前区(PM)、初级运动区(M1)和躯体感觉区(S1)激活的时序。5名受试者使用硬膜下格栅定位癫痫发作，用皮层脑电图(ECoG)测量了PM、S1和M1神经元的激活时间，为手指运动做准备。皮层的激活由高伽马(HG)振荡(70-150赫兹)的开始来确定。使用共同的大脑图谱对这三个皮质区进行解剖定位，并通过直接电皮质刺激、体感诱发电位和对触觉刺激的HG反应的检测独立确认。受试者被给予视觉提示，让他们弯曲每根手指或捏住拇指和食指。用数据手套捕捉运动，并用ECoG进行时间锁定。使用加窗协方差度量来识别两个电极之间的HG功率上升斜率，并计算时间延迟。将统计约束应用于时间估计以对抗噪声。使用秩和检验来验证5个受试者皮质区域的顺序激活。在所有5名受试者中，PM的HG激活比S1早53±13毫秒(P=0.03)，PM比M1早180±40毫秒(P=0.001)，S1的激活比M1早136±40毫秒(P=0.04)。据报道，在为运动做准备时，PM、S1和M1区依次激活了HG。在任何明显的身体运动之前，S1中的活动支持这样的概念，即这些神经元可能在运动的预期中编码感觉信息，即传出复制。我们的分析表明，S1调制可能起源于PM人类传出复制品的第一个电生理学证据。
Human voluntary movements are a final product of complex interactions between multiple sensory, cognitive and motor areas of central nervous system. The objective was to investigate temporal sequence of activation of premotor (PM), primary motor (M1) and somatosensory (S1) areas during cued finger movements. Electrocorticography (ECoG) was used to measure activation timing in human PM, S1, and M1 neurons in preparation for finger movements in 5 subjects with subdural grids for seizure localization. Cortical activation was determined by the onset of high gamma (HG) oscillation (70–150 Hz). The three cortical regions were mapped anatomically using a common brain atlas and confirmed independently with direct electrical cortical stimulation, somatosensory evoke potentials and detection of HG response to tactile stimulation. Subjects were given visual cues to flex each finger or pinch the thumb and index finger. Movements were captured with a dataglove and time-locked with ECoG. A windowed covariance metric was used to identify the rising slope of HG power between two electrodes and compute time lag. Statistical constraints were applied to the time estimates to combat the noise. Rank sum testing was used to verify the sequential activation of cortical regions across 5 subjects. In all 5 subjects, HG activation in PM preceded S1 by an average of 53 ± 13 msec (P = 0.03), PM preceded M1 by 180 ± 40 msec (P = 0.001) and S1activation preceded M1 by 136 ± 40 msec (P = 0.04). Sequential HG activation of PM, S1 and M1 regions in preparation for movements is reported. Activity in S1prior to any overt body movements supports the notion that these neurons may encode sensory information in anticipation of movements, i.e., an efference copy. Our analysis suggests that S1 modulation likely originates from PM. First electrophysiological evidence of efference copy in humans.