A bilateral third head of the gastrocnemius which is morphologically similar to the plantaris.
A bilateral third head of the gastrocnemius which is morphologically similar to the plantaris.
复制标题
腓肠肌双侧第三头，形态与跖肌相似。
DOI：
10.1007/s00276-020-02670-w
复制
发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Mori Y and Kosaka J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ishii T;Kawagishi K;Hayashi S;Yamada S;Yoshioka H;Matsuno Y;Mori Y and Kosaka J.
目的在解剖一具78岁日本男性尸体时，发现腘窝两侧有一额外肌肉。本病例报告的目的是确定这种变异是否是一个双跖或第三头腓肠肌根据其形态特征和nerveditions.MethodsThe肌肉显示仔细解剖和划定周围结构。用游标卡尺手工测量这些额外肌肉的肌腹和肌腱的大小。ResultsThe起源的每一个额外的肌肉是外侧的胫神经和上级的跖肌，和每个额外的肌肉过渡到一个下行肌腱平行于跖肌有一个锥形的腹部。然而，额外肌肉的肌腱融合到腓肠肌的包埋筋膜中，肌腱长度在左侧为4.5 cm，在右侧为4.6 cm。额外的肌肉由胫神经的分支支配的腓肠肌内侧头的两侧。ConclusionAlthough他们有一个起源和形状相似的跖肌，我们确定了额外的肌肉在这种情况下作为腓肠肌的第三头，因为神经支配跖肌直接从胫神经。该病例强调了神经支配对于理解额外肌肉的肌发生是必不可少的，特别是在难以根据肌肉的形态特征进行分类的情况下。
PurposeAn extra muscle was observed on both sides of the popliteal fossa in the cadaver of a 78-year-old Japanese male during dissection. The aim of this case report was to identify whether this variant is a double plantaris or a third head of the gastrocnemius according to its morphological characteristics and innervation.MethodsThe muscles were displayed by careful dissection and delineation of surrounding structures. The size of each of the muscle bellies and tendons of those extra muscles were measured manually by the vernier caliper.ResultsThe origin of each extra muscle was lateral to the tibial nerve and superior to the plantaris, and each extra muscle which transitioned to a descending tendon parallel to the plantaris had a cone-shaped belly. However, the tendon of the extra muscles was fused into the investing fascia of the gastrocnemius with a tendon length of 4.5 cm on the left and 4.6 cm on the right. The extra muscles were innervated by the branch of the tibial nerve to the medial head of the gastrocnemius on both sides.ConclusionAlthough they had an origin and shape similar to that of the plantaris, we identified the extra muscles in this case as a third head of the gastrocnemius, because of innervation to the plantaris arises directly from the tibial nerve. This case highlighted that the innervation is essential to understanding the myogenesis of extra muscles, especially in cases which are difficult to categorize based on the morphological features of the muscle.