Two years of atmospheric boundary layer observations on a 45‐m tower at Dome C on the Antarctic plateau
Two years of atmospheric boundary layer observations on a 45‐m tower at Dome C on the Antarctic plateau
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南极高原 Dome C 45 米塔的两年大气边界层观测
DOI：
10.1002/jgrd.50128
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Pellegrini
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Genthon;D. Six;H. Gallee;P. Grigioni;A. Pellegrini
自2009年以来，沿着一座45米高的塔楼，对南极高原圆顶C的低层大气边界层进行了连续监测。介绍了两年的观察结果(2009年和2010年)。夏季近地面有较强的昼夜循环，但在塔顶几乎消失，表明夏季夜间逆温很浅。冬季，沿塔的反转非常陡峭，平均达到1 °C m−1。它们在2010年较冷的冬季更强、更频繁，在地表以上约10-15 m的层达到最大值。冬季气温具有很强的天气变异性。2009年7月发生了一次极端温暖的事件。气温达到了−30 °C，这是仲夏天气的典型特征。与地表附近观测结果一致的气象分析证实，热量是从较高的海拔向下传播的。较高的总水柱表示来自较低纬度的潮湿气团。最冷的温度和最强的逆温与特殊的天气形势和特别干燥的大气有关。测量干净寒冷的南极高原大气中的水分是一项具有挑战性的任务。过饱和是很可能的，但观察并没有揭示出来。这可能是一种仪器制品，会影响在类似条件下进行的其他水分测量。尽管如此，这些观测对气象和气候模式中极地边界层的稳健性提供了严格的测试，解决了气专委2007年报告中提出的一个主要问题。
The lower atmospheric boundary layer at Dome C on the Antarctic plateau has been continuously monitored along a 45‐m tower since 2009. Two years of observations (2009 and 2010) are presented. A strong diurnal cycle is observed near the surface in summer but almost disappears at the top of the tower, indicating that the summer nocturnal inversion is very shallow. Very steep inversions reaching almost 1 °C m−1 on average along the tower are observed in winter. They are stronger and more frequent during the colder 2010 winter, reaching a maximum in a layer ~10–15 m above the surface. Winter temperature is characterized by strong synoptic variability. An extreme warm event occurred in July 2009. The temperature reached −30 °C, typical of midsummer weather. Meteorological analyses which agree with the observations near the surface confirm that heat is propagated downward from higher elevations. A high total water column indicates moist air masses aloft originating from the lower latitudes. The coldest temperatures and strongest inversions are associated with characteristic synoptic patterns and a particularly dry atmosphere. Measurement of moisture in the clean and cold Antarctic plateau atmosphere is a challenging task. Supersaturations are very likely but are not revealed by the observations. This is possibly an instrumental artifact that would affect other moisture measurements made in similar conditions. In spite of this, such observations offer a stringent test of the robustness of the polar boundary layer in meteorological and climate models, addressing a major concern raised in the IPCC 2007 report.