Duration, Dominance and Depth in Telephone and Face-to-Face Interviews: A Comparative Exploration
Duration, Dominance and Depth in Telephone and Face-to-Face Interviews: A Comparative Exploration
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DOI：
10.1177/160940691101000302
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Irvine, Annie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Irvine, Annie
传统上，方法论教科书建议电话模式不太适合定性访谈的任务。与此同时，关于为什么电话面试在某些情况下可能是一个有用的选择，也有一些经过精心排练的论点。尽管存在这样的争论，但对定性电话访谈与面对面访谈的过程和结果的差异进行系统的实证探索仍然非常有限。基于最近的一项“模式比较”研究，该研究试图对方法论知识上的这种差距做出贡献，通过对一小部分电话和面对面访谈中研究人员和参与者之间谈话的总体持续时间、主导地位和深度的分析，揭示了以下发现。(i)尽管个别面谈的时间长短差别很大，但电话面谈通常平均比面对面面谈的时间短。电话采访的时间较短是由于与会者发言的时间较短，而不是由于双方的发言按比例减少。此外，在电话采访中，参与者每次站立的时间通常较短。（iii）研究人员在电话采访中比在面对面的交流中稍微多说一些话。再加上参与者说话的数量减少，这意味着在电话采访中，研究人员倾向于在更大比例的时间里保持沉默。在一定程度上，电话采访时间较短的原因是专题报道的减少。然而，主要的解释似乎在于电话访谈的参与者倾向于提供相对较少的细节或阐述。在这篇文章中，我们考虑了为什么会出现这些差异，它们是否以及如何影响研究，以及我们可能希望如何修改面试实践作为回应。
Traditionally, methodological textbooks have advised that the telephone mode is not well suited to the task of qualitative interviewing. At the same time, there are well-rehearsed arguments as to why telephone interviews may be a useful option in some circumstances. Despite this debate, there remains very limited systematic empirical exploration of differences in the process and outcomes of qualitative telephone vs. face-to-face interviews. Based on a recent 'mode comparison' study that sought to contribute to this gap in methodological knowledge, analysis of the overall duration, dominance and depth of talk between researcher and participant in a small set of telephone and face-to-face interviews revealed the following findings. (i) Despite much variation in individual interview length, telephone interviews were typically, and on average, shorter than those conducted face-to-face. (ii) The shorter duration of telephone interviews was a result of the participant speaking for less time, rather than a proportional reduction in talk from both parties. Additionally, in telephone interviews, participants generally held the floor for shorter stretches at a time. (iii) The researcher did slightly more talking during telephone interviews than in face-to-face interactions. Combined with the reduced amount of participant talk, this meant that the researcher tended to hold the floor for a greater proportion of the time in telephone interviews. (iv) To a moderate degree, the shorter length of telephone interviews could be accounted for by a reduction in coverage of themes. However, the principal explanation appeared to lie in a tendency for telephone interview participants to provide relatively less detail or elaboration. In this article, we consider why these differences may occur, if and how they might matter to the research, and how we might wish to modify interview practices in response.