Impacts of cigarette smoking on immune responsiveness: Up and down or upside down?
Impacts of cigarette smoking on immune responsiveness: Up and down or upside down?
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DOI：
10.18632/oncotarget.13613
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发表时间：
2017-01-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Dai Z
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Qiu F;Liang CL;Liu H;Zeng YQ;Hou S;Huang S;Lai X;Dai Z
吸烟与多种疾病有关，并对全球目前的医疗体系构成严重挑战。吸烟影响先天免疫和获得性免疫，并通过加剧病原性免疫反应或减弱防御免疫，在调节免疫方面发挥双重作用。吸烟影响的获得性免疫细胞主要包括辅助性T细胞(Th1/Th2/Th17)、CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞、CD8+T细胞、B细胞和记忆性T/B淋巴细胞，而天然免疫细胞主要是DC、巨噬细胞和NK细胞。吸烟的复杂作用导致了许多疾病，包括心血管、呼吸道和自身免疫性疾病、过敏、癌症和移植排斥反应等。虽然以前的综述描述了吸烟对各种疾病和与特定疾病相关的区域免疫的影响，但很少有全面和最新的综述表明吸烟对全身免疫，特别是对免疫细胞的主要成分的影响。本文旨在系统、客观地综述吸烟对天然免疫细胞和获得性免疫细胞主要成分的影响，并总结吸烟影响免疫系统的细胞和分子机制。吸烟影响的分子通路包括核因子κB、MAP激酶和组蛋白修饰。有必要进行进一步的研究，以了解吸烟介导的免疫病理学的确切机制，并回答挥之不去的问题，即为什么吸烟总是有害的，而不是有益的，尽管它对免疫反应产生双重影响。
Cigarette smoking is associated with numerous diseases and poses a serious challenge to the current healthcare system worldwide. Smoking impacts both innate and adaptive immunity and plays dual roles in regulating immunity by either exacerbation of pathogenic immune responses or attenuation of defensive immunity. Adaptive immune cells affected by smoking mainly include T helper cells (Th1/Th2/Th17), CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells and memory T/B lymphocytes while innate immune cells impacted by smoking are mostly DCs, macrophages and NK cells. Complex roles of cigarette smoke have resulted in numerous diseases, including cardiovascular, respiratory and autoimmune diseases, allergies, cancers and transplant rejection etc. Although previous reviews have described the effects of smoking on various diseases and regional immunity associated with specific diseases, a comprehensive and updated review is rarely seen to demonstrate impacts of smoking on general immunity and, especially on major components of immune cells. Here, we aim to systematically and objectively review the influence of smoking on major components of both innate and adaptive immune cells, and summarize cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying effects of cigarette smoking on the immune system. The molecular pathways impacted by cigarette smoking involve NFκB, MAP kinases and histone modification. Further investigations are warranted to understand the exact mechanisms responsible for smoking-mediated immunopathology and to answer lingering questions over why cigarette smoking is always harmful rather than beneficial even though it exerts dual effects on immune responses.