Prospective investigation of stress inoculation in young monkeys
Prospective investigation of stress inoculation in young monkeys
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DOI：
10.1001/archpsyc.61.9.933
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发表时间：
2004-09-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lyons, DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Parker, KJ;Buckmaster, CL;Lyons, DM
背景：对人类的回顾性研究已经确定了促进抗压能力的特征，包括儿童时期接触中等压力事件（即压力接种）。目的：由于儿童前瞻性研究的机会有限，我们测试了生命早期接触中度压力是否会在灵长类动物模型中产生后来的抗压能力。设计和主要结果测量：20只松鼠猴被随机分配到间歇性压力接种（IS；n = 11）或非压力控制条件（NS；n = 9）从产后第 17 周到第 27 周。在产后第 35 周，每个母子二人组在中等压力的新环境中接受测试，以推断子代焦虑（即母体依恋、母子互动、物体探索和食物消耗）和应激激素浓度（促肾上腺皮质激素 [ACTH] 和皮质醇）。出生后第 50 周，在适应了连接在笼子上的最初有压力的金属丝网箱后，独立的幼猴在箱中接受了焦虑推理测量（即自愿探索和玩耍）的测试。 结果：在新环境测试中，与 NS 后代相比，IS 后代表现出焦虑减轻，表现为母体依附减少 (P=.02)、探索行为增强 (P=.005) 和食物消耗增加 (P=.02)。与 NS 母亲相比，IS 后代的母亲能够适应后代发起的探索 (P=.009)，并且更经常充当安全基地 (P=.047)。与 NS 后代相比，IS 后代在应激后具有较低的基础血浆 ACTH (P=.001) 和皮质醇 (P=.001) 浓度以及较低的促肾上腺皮质激素 (P=.04) 和皮质醇 (P=.03) 浓度。在随后的家笼线盒测试中，IS 后代表现出增强的探索能力（P
Background: Retrospective studies in humans have identified characteristics that promote stress resistance, including childhood exposure to moderately stressful events (ie, stress inoculation).Objective: Because of limited opportunities for prospective studies in children, we tested whether exposure to moderate stress early in life produces later stress resistance in a primate model.Design and Main Outcome Measures: Twenty squirrel monkeys were randomized to intermittent stress inoculation (IS; n = 11) or a nonstress control condition (NS; n=9) from postnatal weeks 17 to 27. At postnatal week 35, each mother-offspring dyad underwent testing in a moderately stressful novel environment for inferential measures of offspring anxiety (ie, maternal clinging, mother-offspring interactions, object exploration, and food consumption) and stress hormone concentrations (corticotropin [ACTH] and cortisol). At postnatal week 50, after acclimation to an initially stressful wire-mesh box attached to the home cage, independent young monkeys underwent testing for inferential measures of anxiety (ie, voluntary exploration and play) in the box.Results: In the novel environment test, IS compared with NS offspring demonstrated diminished anxiety as measured by decreased maternal clinging (P=.02), enhanced exploratory behavior (P=.005), and increased food consumption (P=.02). Mothers of IS offspring accommodated offspring-initiated exploration (P=.009) and served as a secure base more often compared with NS mothers (P=.047). Compared with NS offspring, IS offspring had lower basal plasma ACTH (P=.001) and cortisol (P=.001) concentrations and lower corticotropin (P=.04) and cortisol (P=.03) concentrations after stress. In the subsequent home-cage wire-box test, IS offspring demonstrated enhanced exploratory (P