ALTERNATIVE REINFORCEMENT INCREASES RESISTANCE TO CHANGE - PAVLOVIAN OR OPERANT CONTINGENCIES
ALTERNATIVE REINFORCEMENT INCREASES RESISTANCE TO CHANGE - PAVLOVIAN OR OPERANT CONTINGENCIES
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DOI：
10.1901/jeab.1990.53-359
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发表时间：
1990-05-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
SHULL, RL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
NEVIN, JA;TOTA, ME;SHULL, RL
两项针对鸽子的多计划实验研究了添加替代来源的食物强化对强化反应（目标反应）对饱足和灭绝的递减影响的抵抗力的影响。在实验 1 中，根据可变间隔时间表通过两个组件中的食物来强化关键啄食，并且在某些情况下，根据其中一个组件中的可变时间时间表提供食物。组件中的啄键率与替代（可变时间）来源的强化物比例呈负相关。相比之下，对饱足和消退的抵抗力与组件的整体强化率呈正相关。实验 2 在概念上类似，只是替代强化物取决于特定的并发反应。同样，目标反应的速率随着其相对强化的函数而变化，但其对饱足感和消退的抵抗力直接随成分刺激的总体强化速率而变化，而不管其相对强化如何。两个实验的结果共同表明，反应的相对强化（操作性偶然事件）决定了其速率，而刺激强化偶然事件（巴甫洛夫偶然事件）决定了其对变化的抵抗力。
Two multiple-schedule experiments with pigeons examined the effect of adding food reinforcement from an alternative source on the resistance of the reinforced response (target response) to the decremental effects of satiation and extinction. In Experiment 1, key pecks were reinforced by food in two components according to variable-interval schedules and, in some conditions, food was delivered according to variable-time schedules in one of the components. The rate of key pecking in a component was negatively related to the proportion of reinforcers from the alternative (variable-time) source. Resistance to satiation and extinction, in contrast, was positively related to the overall rate of reinforcement in the component. Experiment 2 was conceptually similar except that the alternative reinforcers were contingent on a specific concurrent response. Again, the rate of the target response varied as a function of its relative reinforcement, but its resistance to satiation and extinction varied directly with the overall rate of reinforcement in the component stimulus regardless of its relative reinforcement. Together the results of the two experiments suggest that the relative reinforcement of a response (the operant contingency) determines its rate, whereas the stimulus-reinforcement contingency (a Pavlovian contingency) determines its resistance to change.