Morphological and population responses to deer grazing for herbaceous species in Nara Park, western Japan
Morphological and population responses to deer grazing for herbaceous species in Nara Park, western Japan
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1442-1984.2009.00250.x
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发表时间：
2009-12
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
R. Suzuki;Teiko Kato;Y. Maesako;A. Furukawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Suzuki;Teiko Kato;Y. Maesako;A. Furukawa
为了量化植物的形态和种群对鹿放牧的反应，我们在日本西部的奈良公园进行了两个鹿排除实验。第一个试验研究了直立生长的两个种（伞房紫叶酢浆草和短叶莎草）在10个性状上的形态差异。变种leiolepis）和两个种匍匐生长（Oxaliscorniculata和Hydrocotylemaritima）之间的芽内和外的外壳在生长季节结束时（晚秋）。4种多年生植物的叶、茎和生殖器官的大小和重量在围栏外均显著小于围栏外。直立种O.伞房花序，与其他3种相比，两个匍匐种之间的相似性。第二个实验，使用11个直立物种和15个匍匐物种，表明直立物种表现出更大的减少在放牧环境中的叶长和覆盖度相比，匍匐物种，表明直立物种遭受更多的放牧。总之，许多植物物种在生长季节的放牧压力下减少了它们的大小，但变化的性质取决于每个物种的生长形式。目前尚不清楚是否形态减少是一种适应性反应放牧。
To quantify the morphological and population responses of plants to grazing by deer, we conducted two deer-exclusion experiments in Nara Park, western Japan. The first experiment assessed the morphological differences in 10 traits of two species with erect growth (Oxalis corymbosa and Cyperus brevifolius. var. leiolepis) and two species with prostrate growth (Oxalis corniculata and Hydrocotyle maritima) between shoots inside and outside of the exclosures at the end of a growing season (late autumn). The size and weight of the leaves, stems and reproductive organs of the four perennials were significantly smaller outside the exclosures. The degree of size reduction was highest for an erect species, O. corymbosa, compared with the other three species, and was similar between the two prostrate species. The second experiment, using 11 erect species and 15 prostrate species, demonstrated that erect species exhibited greater reduction in leaf length and cover in the grazing environments compared with prostrate species, suggesting that the erect species suffered more from grazing. In conclusion, many of the plant species reduced their size under grazing pressure during the growing season, but the nature of the changes depended on the growth form of each species. It remains unclear whether the morphological reduction was an adaptive response to grazing.