The gender gap in non-work travel: The relative roles of income earning potential and land use
The gender gap in non-work travel: The relative roles of income earning potential and land use
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jue.2015.01.005
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发表时间：
2015-03-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Hsu, Hsin-Ping
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boarnet, Marlon G.;Hsu, Hsin-Ping
我们实证检验了两个假设：（1）收入潜力的性别差异在家庭内部非工作旅行的分工中发挥作用;（2）紧凑的土地利用开发可以减少家庭内部非工作旅行的性别差距。使用2001年南加州家庭旅行调查，我们发现，男性和女性的非工作旅行模式没有太大的性别差异，除非孩子在家里。有孩子的家庭在司机出行方面表现出明显的差异，妇女承担了大部分司机负担。根据社会人口统计数据进行调整后，有孩子的家庭中的妇女比独居男子多出300%以上的司机旅行。在家庭内部，女性和男性之间的司机出行差异，即“家庭内部，女性-男性司机差距”，在有就业男性的家庭中较大，在有就业女性的家庭中较小。在同一家庭中，当妇女的赚钱能力高于男子时，当司机的差距就较小。对于在其住所周围四分之一英里区域内拥有更多单户住宅土地使用的家庭，司机差距较大，而对于距离最近的公共汽车站超过半英里的家庭，司机差距较大。这两个土地使用变量对司机差距的影响程度与衡量家庭内收入潜力或男女就业状况差异的变量的影响程度相似，这表明更密集的土地使用和更好的交通服务有助于减轻妇女不成比例的司机负担。(C)2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
We empirically test two hypotheses: (1) that gender differences in income earning potential play a role in the within-household division of non-work travel and (2) that compact land use development can reduce the within-household gender gap in non-work travel. Using the 2001 Southern California Household Travel Survey, we find that non-work travel patterns for men and women do not vary much by gender unless children are in the household. Households with children display a striking difference in chauffeuring trips and women bear most of the chauffeuring burden. Adjusting for sociodemographics, women in households with children take over 300% more chauffeuring trips than do men living alone. The difference in chauffeuring trips among females and males within the household, the "within-household, female-male chauffeuring gap", is larger for households with employed males and smaller in households with employed females. The chauffeuring gap is smaller when the woman's earning power is larger compared to the man in the same household. The chauffeuring gap is larger for households that have higher amounts of single family residential land use in the quarter-mile area around their residence, and the chauffeuring gap is larger for households that live farther than a half mile from the nearest bus stop. The magnitude of the effect of those two land use variables on the chauffeuring gap is similar to the magnitude of variables that measure within-household differences in income-earning potential or female and male employment status, suggesting that more dense land use and better transit service can help reduce disproportionate chauffeuring burdens of women. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.